Herman (Pascale)

La maison bleue

In 1979 Pascale Herman wrote a thesis to finish her studies on the École Centrale IDN in Lille, discussing the various approaches residents would follow to take care of their residential area.

One of the examples she discussed, was the Maison Bleue, the art environment in Dives, realised by Euclide da Costa.Ferreira between 1957 and 1977.

In 2006 mrs Herman published this text on the internet (where it is not available anymore). I am happy she agreed with republication, translated into english, in this collection of texts. Her essay is very interesting because it gives us a glimpse of the ideas of the da Costa couple, and of the opinions of some neighbors.

In the following translated text, I added an occasional explanation between [ ].

Pascale Herman, La maison bleue

Mr da Costa Ferreira is a former employee of the Tréfimétaux factory, who is of Portuguese origin, as his name indicates. He stopped working in 1954 due to an illness.

His first creation, a monument to honor the little dog Laika, who died in a sputnik, was made in 1958 (the monument bears the date of the death of Laika: November 12, 1957).

Then, in a series, that is seemingly impossible to reconstruct, both by mr da Costa and his wife, followed a number of other monuments until 1977, when mr da Costa was too ill to continue his creative work and to make other things than the souvenirs that his wife would sell to visitors: flowerpots, hearts made of mosaics, mosaic framed mirrors .

Mr da Costa does not consider his work as finished, he believes there still would be much to do, despite the overload of his garden, only he can no more....... ... It seems that his latest “momentous” achievement (value judgments are not appropriate, but that is what he thinks) has been the interior wall on the left and the mill.

Another specific date is given by mrs da Costa, after she consulted an almanac of that period, which devotes an article to the work of her husband: the Sacré Coeur was built in 1966 - it took two years to accomplish .

One can notice that they lack a logbook of his oeuvre, in which Mr. Da Costa has recorded on a daily basis the progress of what he made.

picture provided by Didier Marie,

He also has not dated his achievements, what would have suited us. We have to limit ourselves to hypotheses based upon a subjective aesthetic appreciation: some buildings seem much less "finished" than others, for example (the Basilique of) Fatima only has few floral motives, unlike the adjacent oratory [note 1] - one might take “Laika” as an example that contradicts this, but we know it was rebuilt several times. Rather curiously, the house practically has no decorations, compared with the decorations of the garden.

With regard to the technique, mr da Costa was using pieces of plates, glass, tiles and mirrors, collected by his wife and himself on the garbage dump. He made an iron frame and then covered it with complete plates of cement, encrusted with pieces of porcelain or glass. Laika is made of glass - this without any model and without dreaming about it at night, unlike others. We can notice that his inspiration is confined to the Christian shrines and to animals, the mill excepted [note 2]

If one looks more closely at the monuments, one can notice several things:

*Some intact plates are inserted in the midst of others that are broken

*The technique to differentiate between the materials (china, glass, tiles, mirrors) and the colors, that brings out the pattern from the bottom

*The re-introduction of some pieces, on which something is recorded, such as 'sugar' on a background with flowers: one is tempted to say that this is re-use to confront the consumer society, or a wrongful or extreme consumption, we'll come back upon this..

When the da Costa’s are asked whether they are aware of achievements like theirs, they say they know [Facteur] Cheval and Picassiette from television, but that they never could go there, by lack of a car. Imagine what a meeting between da Costa and Isidore [=Picassiette] might have resulted in ... maybe very disappointing.

They regard the work of Cheval as having been "recovered" after his death: "Cheval, 'they' have seized it after his death"....Who is behind this 'they' ...

We brought them two abundantly illustrated books: Les inspirés du bord des routes by Jacques Lacarrière and Jacques Verroust, and Jardins imaginaires by Bernard Lassus.

They have carefully looked at them, commenting on the pictures, while in general remaining quite positive ( "It's beautiful, it’s well!"), until I showed them pictures of their works: the one by Bernard Lassus was dated: there was an arc of foliage of ivy between the house and Laika, wasn’t it, an arc that supported a lighting; the one by Verroust, on the other hand, generated intense anger indeed: the basin in the foreground totally distorted the perspective and significantly reduced the proportions of Laika, Fatima and the oratory note 3] in the background.

In addition, mrs da Costa said they had never been informed that these photos were published in a book; on the other hand, she has articles from regional newspapers, displayed in a glass box hung on the facade of the house so that visitors can read them, a recent article in Modes de Paris -she was warned after the publication- and another in an almanac of 1966, we have already spoken of.

Furthermore, we have noticed that mr da Costa finds it hard to locate what the pictures represent in reality, as if he had forgotten what he made since he stopped creating -which is unlikely because he continually keeps it well- or as if he had a particular comprehensive vision, incompatible with the fragmented vision that pictures contain. In connection with one of the pictures in Modes de 'Paris, when he had finally recognized that it was about the ground before the entrance, he exclaimed: "This is nothing, it is shit compared to the rest!"

With regard to other aspects of this creation :

1. the family

Besides his wife, who seems to regard the work of her husband as her own, the family (numerous, as they say) both from the one and the other side, does not seem interested in the oeuvre of da Costa: "All stupids!" he says.

When we ask them what will happen with the garden after their death, they say that it matters little, that, for now, they are both there, and they still have time to think about it.

2. the visitors

They were numerous until the diversion of the road from Evreux to Caen (D513), whose new route has cut off the neighborhood of the settlements of Tréfiméteaux from the rest of the town of Dives. Before this, the road ran along the garden and the cars that passed, stopped most of the time.

Nowadays their garden is fairly difficult to find if you do not know it..

According to mrs da Costa, the visitors appreciate it. Arrows indicate a route of visiting, a small pot awaits gifts and in the small shack on the left of the entrance gate, souvenirs, made by mr da Costa, are sold.

3. the neighbors

Asking people how to get to mr da Costa, we realized that few people of Dives know about him. even when they live in the same neighborhood.

After the visit, we went to the café on the other side of the street to talk to the proprietor and one of his customers, who has known mr da Costa, when he worked at the plant.

We asked the owner of the cafe about the general sentiment of the people of Dives with respect to the work of mr da Costa.

*It is well proportioned, it's beautiful, but there is too much: it is bric-a-brac (what would she have said if mr. da Costa had not been interrupted by his illness and would have been able to continue his work?)

*It's beautiful work, it is not a layabout

*It's funny

*Visitors are numerous

*They do not pay taxes on the visits and the sales of the gift shop and that is unfair, because they are already compensated at 100% (though we can not say they do behave like rolling in money).. Moreover, they do not support the shopkeepers of the neighborhood, because they rather go to the supermarket further on. She [the nearby shopkeeper] sells them from time to time a can of beans, a slice of butter and that's it - because she also runs the grocery shop nearby. This leads to jealousy: "they have no license to sell, while I ..." ( "I'm speaking freely, I say what I think, not everybody would say this!")

*They are not very sociable people

*He (mr da Costa) makes always the impression as if he is on his last legs (in fact, at our second visit, his wife told us that we could not talk to him because he was suffocating: we supposed he would lay in bed, when we saw him, leaving the house, a cigarette in his mouth, which is excellent for the lungs, as everyone knows).

*The customer has confirmed the bad character of the "Portuguese".

(added to OEE-texts march 2010)

notes

1 note de 2006 : Ste Rita de Cascia

2 note de 2006 : the mills, the Eiffel Tower, the flower-boxes, the basins

3 note de 2006 : Ste Rita