O’Brien, D. (2016). Look Before You Leap: What Are the Obstacles to Risk Calculation in the Equestrian Sport of Eventing? Animals, 6(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani6020013
Murray, J.K., Singer, E.R., Morgan, K.L., Proudman, C.J. and French, N.P. (2006), The risk of a horse-and-rider partnership falling on the crosscountry phase of eventing competitions. Equine Veterinary Journal, 38: 158-163. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516406776563314
Kahmann, Katherine M., "ENGINEERING SPORT SAFETY: A STUDY OF EQUESTRIAN CROSS COUNTRY EVENTING" (2010). University of Kentucky Master's Theses. 15. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/15
This thesis details the established methods of frangible jump technology. It talks about MiM clips, reverse frangible jumps, and expanded polystyrene logs, as well as collapsible tables. It also goes over different testing methods for these technologies. Often, a crash test dummy is used to observe the force needed to disarm the jump without putting live horses in danger.
Bennet, ED, Cameron-Whytock, H, Parkin, TDH. Fédération Equestre Internationale eventing: Fence-level risk factors for falls during the cross-country phase (2008–2018). Equine Vet J. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13863
This article compiles different approaches & types of jumps and explores the fall risks for each combination. It is also important to remember that horses do get tired during the event, so it is recommended to put the hardest jumps near the beginning of the course & not with a downhill or water approach.
Vega, Gregorio Robles, "SIMULATION OF HORSE-FENCE CONTACT AND INTERACTION AFFECTING ROTATIONAL FALLS IN THE SPORT OF EVENTING" (2017). Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical Engineering. 98. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/98
This article explores the mechanics of how a horse would impact a fence. Both frangible & solid fences were explored, but the impact for them is similar. This paper found that the majority of the forces exerted upon a fence by a jumping horse are horizontal, and that friction might play a role in the occurrence of rotational falls.
Herring, J. F. (n.d.). Three jockeys and their horses jumping over a hurdle. Chromolithograph after J. F. Herring sen. [Chromolithograph;]. Wellcome Collection. https://jstor.org/stable/community.24846461