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Self-assessment: "The Big Four"
Self-assessment: "The Big Four"
Does each reference at the end of your paper contain the following four elements in the correct order?
Does each reference at the end of your paper contain the following four elements in the correct order?
1) author(s)
1) author(s)
2) year of publication
2) year of publication
3) title
3) title
4) retrieval information (publisher’s information, a URL to an online resource, or a doi).
4) retrieval information (publisher’s information, a URL to an online resource, or a doi).
If so, click here to move on to the next step! If you're unsure, keep reading for a more in-depth explanation.
If so, click here to move on to the next step! If you're unsure, keep reading for a more in-depth explanation.
Understanding "The Big Four"
Understanding "The Big Four"
In the references list below, notice how each reference features four basic pieces of information:
In the references list below, notice how each reference features four basic pieces of information:
1. The author is clearly indicated at the beginning of each reference. Sometimes the author can be an organization or department responsible for the creation of the content.
1. The author is clearly indicated at the beginning of each reference. Sometimes the author can be an organization or department responsible for the creation of the content.
2. The year of publication is presented next, enclosed in parentheses. Sometimes, if no publication date is available, "n.d." can be used to stand for "no date," as in the example below.
2. The year of publication is presented next, enclosed in parentheses. Sometimes, if no publication date is available, "n.d." can be used to stand for "no date," as in the example below.
3. The title of the book, article, web page, or resource is presented next.
3. The title of the book, article, web page, or resource is presented next.
4. Finally, each reference contains what we call "retrieval information," which can be a doi string, a URL, or physical publication information for the resource. Essentially, this information gives the reader some way to find or "retrieve" this information in case they would like to see a copy.
4. Finally, each reference contains what we call "retrieval information," which can be a doi string, a URL, or physical publication information for the resource. Essentially, this information gives the reader some way to find or "retrieve" this information in case they would like to see a copy.
We call these elements "the big four," and it's important that each reference in your list has some form of each of these basic elements in the correct order.
We call these elements "the big four," and it's important that each reference in your list has some form of each of these basic elements in the correct order.
When you're ready, click here to move on to the next step of the guide.
When you're ready, click here to move on to the next step of the guide.
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