Unit 3

Lesson 3.1 - Intro. to Commercial Building Design

Activity 3.1.2 - Land Use and Development

Lesson 3.2 - Structural Design

Activity 3.2.2 - Loads/Load Paths - KL Roof Design

Activity 3.2.6 - Beam Design

Activity Mr.G.1 - BASIC Column Design

Activity 3.2.9 - Spread Footing Design

Lesson 3.4 - Site Consideration

Activity 3.2.9 - Landscaping

Lesson 3.1 - Intro. to Commercial Building Design

Activity 3.1.2 - Land Use and Development

Land Use and Development

Raleigh, NC

2030 Comprehensive Plan

2030 Comprehensive Plan - Update

Raleigh Planning Department

U.S. Zoning

How has Zoning been used to "control/influence" where people are allowed to live.
Do you agree with the practice of Zoning? Is there a better way to regulate land use?

Land Use and Urban Sprawl

What causes urban sprawl?
How would you address land use? What are you willing to give up for that vision?

Lesson 3.2 - Structural Design

Activity 3.2.2 - Loads/Load Paths - KL Roof Design

Load Paths

Loads and Load Paths - 1

By using the known Occupancy Category and Load, as well as the Construction Type and Environmental Conditions (Based on Geographic Location and Activity 3.2.1 Land Use and Development) we are able to find the different components of the Load Design

Loads and Load Paths - 2

Find the Design Load for the Roof using Allowable Strength Design (ASD) Standards. Then using the design load, length of deck, and amount/length of spans you can choose your Roof Deck Type. Try to avoid shoring if possible - shoring = more time and money

Loads and Load Paths - 3

With the Design Load and Beam/Joist spacing you can figure out your Tributary Width (TW) and associated linear distributed load (lbs/ft or plf) for each Beam/Joist type. Pick out your Roof Joist using K-Series Charts, the length of joist, and the distributed load. You can then find your end reactions that will become point loads on the associated Roof Girders. See Beam Design below for how to design a Beams and Girders.

Activity 3.2.6 - Beam Design

Beam Design

Interior Roof Girder Design (Part1)

Max Shear (Vmax = Va) = Magnitude of Forces at the End Reactions (RAy and RBy).
Max Moment (Mmax = Ma) = Max Moment induced by the Load Scenario. It occurs at L/2 (midpoint of the beam) for a symmetrically loaded, simply supported beam.
Nominal Moment = Max Moment allowed by the Load Scenario (Ma), increased by a Factor of Safety (1.67 for bending).
Find Plastic Section Modulus with Nominal Moment and Yield Stress of material (Fy = 50,000 psi for Structural Steel) and use your Beam Table (Sorted by Zx) to select a beam.

Interior Roof Girder Design (Part2)

Check the Shear induced by the Load Scenario and compare it to the Shear Strength that the Selected Beam can withstand.
1. Find Nominal Shear (Vn) from the Load = Max Shear induced by the Load Scenario (Vmax = Va), increased by a Factor of Safety (1.5 for shear).
2. Check Nominal Shear (Vn) that the beam can withstand = Yield Stress of material (Fy = 50,000 psi for Structural Steel), multiplied by the Area of the Web (Aw - Aw is equal to the area of the beam that is directly opposing the Shear Force - Aw = d (Depth of Beam) x tw (Thickness of the Web)) decreased by a Factor of Safety (0.6 for Shear Resistance in a Beam).
Compare the Deflection Limit to the Actually Deflection induced by the Load Scenario. If the Deflection Limit is greater than the Actually Deflection then your selected Beam will suffice, if not you need to go back to your Beam Table (Sorted by Zx) and select the Bold Beam of the group above.
1. Calculate Deflection limits based on the type of ceiling that the beam is holding up.
2. Calculate the Actually Deflection the beam will experience due to the Load Scenario. Use your Max Deflection formulas for your known Load Cases.
Once everything checks out - Use the selected beam everywhere in your design that experiences the exact same Load Scenario with the exact same Span (Length of Beam)

Interior 2nd Floor Beam Design

Using the Steps laid out above and Designed for construction in Raleigh, NC.

Beam Design

Activity Mr.G.1 - BASIC Column Design

Column Design

Column Design Calculation

Can the column handle the load?
Can the column hold the load without buckling?
- After you have answered these questions we would be able to move forward and choose which member we want/need for our column (just like in Beam Design

Activity 3.2.9 - Spread Footing Design

Spread Footing Design

Spread Footing Design - Example 1

Spread Footing Design - Example 2

Raleigh Library Spread Footing Design

1. Gather your existing conditions

- Area of the existing footings (From Foundation Plan View Drawings)
- Allowable Soil Bearing Pressure
- Thickness of existing footings (From Elevation Drawings)
- Total load on the Column in Question
  1. Add all of the End Reactions that occur on the column from the Roof and the 2nd Floor
  2. OR Using the Design Loads for the Roof and the 2nd Floor you can multiply that by the Tributary Area for the column in questions [Design Load (lbs/ft^2) and then multiplied by the Tributary Area (ft^2) gives you a point load (lbs) on the Column]

2. Calculate the pressure already on the soil from the thickness and density of the existing footing

3. Find the net Soil Bearing Pressure (qnet) by taking what the soil can hold before anything is applied to it (qallowable) and subtract the pressure from the footing (pfooting)

4. Find the area required (Aneeded) to hold the applied Column Load (Pcolumn) with the net Soil Bearing Pressure (qnet)

5. Compare the area of the existing footing with the required area and make your recommendation on how to proceed.

Lesson 3.4 - Site Consideration

Activity 3.2.9 - Landscaping

Landscape Design

What do Landscape Architects do?

Do you think you would enjoy a future in Landscape Architecture?

Everybody Loves a Park! Right?

How often do you utilize the City of Raleigh (or your Home towns) Park System?
What percentage of land in Raleigh is reserved for Parks or Open Space?

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