Related theories in learning

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 

 What Are the 5 Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Maslow's theory presents his hierarchy of needs in a pyramid shape, with basic needs at the bottom of the pyramid and more high-level, intangible needs at the top. A person can only move on to addressing the higher-level needs when their basic needs are adequately fulfilled.

• 1. Physiological needs: The first of the id-driven lower needs on Maslow's hierarchy are physiological needs. These most basic human survival needs include food and water, sufficient rest, clothing and shelter, overall health, and reproduction. Maslow states that these basic physiological needs must be addressed before humans move on to the next level of fulfillment.

• 2. Safety needs: Next among the lower-level needs is safety. Safety needs include protection from violence and theft, emotional stability and well-being, health security, and financial security.

• 3. Love and belonging needs: The social needs on the third level of Maslow’s hierarchy relate to human interaction and are the last of the so-called lower needs. Among these needs are friendships and family bonds—both with biological family (parents, siblings, children) and chosen family (spouses and partners). Physical and emotional intimacy ranging from sexual relationships to intimate emotional bonds are important to achieving a feeling of elevated kinship. Additionally, membership in social groups contributes to meeting this need, from belonging to a team of coworkers to forging an identity in a union, club, or group of hobbyists.

• 4. Esteem needs: The higher needs, beginning with esteem, are ego-driven needs. The primary elements of esteem are self-respect (the belief that you are valuable and deserving of dignity) and self-esteem (confidence in your potential for personal growth and accomplishments). Maslow specifically notes that self-esteem can be broken into two types: esteem which is based on respect and acknowledgment from others, and esteem which is based on your own self-assessment. Self-confidence and independence stem from this latter type of self-esteem.

• 5. Self-actualization needs: Self-actualization describes the fulfillment of your full potential as a person. Sometimes called self-fulfillment needs, self-actualization needs occupy the highest spot on Maslow's pyramid. Self-actualization needs include education, skill development—the refining of talents in areas such as music, athletics, design, cooking, and gardening—caring for others, and broader goals like learning a new language, traveling to new places, and winning awards.

马斯洛需求层次有哪五个层次？

马斯洛的理论以金字塔的形式呈现了他的需求层次结构，基本需求位于金字塔的底部，更高层次的无形需求位于金字塔的顶部。一个人只有在基本需求得到充分满足后才能继续满足更高层次的需求。

1. 生理需求：马斯洛层次中本我驱动的较低需求中的第一个是生理需求。这些最基本的人类生存需求包括食物和水、充足的休息、衣服和住所、整体健康和繁殖。马斯洛指出，在人类进入下一个层次的满足之前，必须解决这些基本的生理需求。

2.安全需求：较低级别的需求中，其次是安全。安全需求包括免受暴力和盗窃、情绪稳定和幸福、健康安全和财务安全。

3.爱和归属感需求：马斯洛需求层次第三层的社会需求与人际交往有关，是所谓的较低级需求中的最后一个。这些需求包括友谊和家庭纽带——包括与亲生家庭（父母、兄弟姐妹、孩子）和选择的家庭（配偶和伴侣）的纽带。从性关系到亲密的情感纽带，身体和情感上的亲密关系对于获得更高的亲情感非常重要。此外，社会团体的成员资格有助于满足这种需求，从属于一个同事团队到在工会、俱乐部或业余爱好者团体中建立身份。

4. 尊重需求：从尊重开始的更高需求是自我驱动的需求。尊重的主要要素是自尊（相信自己是有价值的并维护尊严）和自尊（对个人成长和成就的潜力充满信心）。马斯洛特别指出，自尊可以分为两种类型：基于他人的尊重和认可的自尊，以及基于自己的自我评价的自尊。自信和独立源于后一种自尊。

5. 自我实现需求：自我实现描述了你作为一个人的全部潜力的实现。有时称为自我实现需求，自我实现需求占据马斯洛金字塔的最高位置。自我实现需求包括教育、技能发展（音乐、体育、设计、烹饪和园艺等领域的才能的提炼）、关心他人以及更广泛的目标，例如学习新语言、去新地方旅行和赢得奖项。

How Does Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Correlate to Education?

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory delineating the five categories of human needs that dictate human behavior. Those needs, often depicted as a pyramid, begin with the physiological at the bottom and proceed through the layers of safety, love and belonging, and esteem, ending with self-actualization (reaching one’s full potential) at the very top.

The benefits of career readiness line up with each need. Physical needs are more easily met if a person is able to work and attain economic stability, and the feeling of safety comes once vulnerabilities are mitigated. Education also connects a student to the community, conveying a deeper sense of belonging.