This paper synthesizes information about the ecology (physiology and life history, host fishes, and habitat), species distribution, genetics, and threats to L. cariosa. Identified threats include climate change, habitat alteration, and invasive species, dependent on location. We outline 16 emergent research and conservation management needs based on literature review and discussion with stakeholders (state and federal mussel biologists, researchers, and tribal groups). These needs range from research on the basic physiology and behavior of the species, to creating standardized protocols for surveys and DNA sampling, to ultimately developing a range-wide species conservation and restoration plan. Addressing these information gaps and incorporating the findings into future management may facilitate the implementation and success of large-scale restoration and conservation initiatives such as habitat protection and reintroduction of YLM to historical locations.