Tables and Graphs

Tabulating data in Science

• Transferring our observations into tables and graphs is an important skill in Science. It makes the observations much easier to read and often it allows us to see patterns in our data.

• A graph is a visual representation of a relationship between two variables, x (independent variable) and y (dependent variable). The graphs make it easy to identify trends in data that we have collected.

• Tables and graphs are visual representations. They are used to organise information to show patterns and relationships. A graph shows this information by representing it as a shape. Researchers and scientists often use tables and graphs to report findings from their research.

Rules for drawing tables:

1. Table should be enclosed

2. Table should be completed in pencil

3. Units should be included in the heading in brackets

4. A table should include a title

Tips for creating line graphs:

1. On graph paper, draw a horizontal, or x-axis and a vertical, or y-axis.

2. Label the horizontal axis with the name of the manipulated (independent) variable. Label the vertical axis with the name of the responding (dependent) variable. Including the units of measure.

3. Create a scale on each axis by marking off equally-spaced numbers along the axis. Begin with zero or a number slightly less than the smallest number to be graphed. be sure that each scale covers the entire range of data collected for that variable. Label the units on each scale.

4. Plot each point where the variables intersect. You can do this by following an imaginary line up from the measurement on the x-axis. Then follow a second imaginary line across from the corresponding measurement on the y-axis. place a cross where the two lines intersect.

5. Give your graph a title that identifies the variable or the relationship between the variables in the graph.

6. If necessary, draw a line of best fit. This should be a smooth line covering your data set.

SI Units of Measurement in Science