CV

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON June 18, 2021

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE CURRICULUM VITA see also faculty.washington.edu/wcalvin

William H. Calvin, Ph.D.

EDUCATION & POSITIONS

1957-1960 Northwestern University, Department of Physics (B.A., Honors in Physics, 1961)

1961 Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Physics, Northwestern University.

1961-1962 Graduate Research Assistant, Communications Biophysics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

1962 Visiting Graduate Student, Harvard Medical School.

1962-1966 Predoctoral fellow, University of Washington,

Department of Physiology and Biophysics (thesis advisor: Charles F. Stevens). Ph.D., 1966.

1967-1973 Research Instructor through Assistant Professor, University of Washington,
Departments of Neurological Surgery and Physiology/Biophysics.

1973-1986 Associate Professor of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine.

1976-1986 Affiliate, UW Child Development and Mental Retardation Center.

1978-1979 Visiting Professor of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (and Senior International Fellow, NIH Fogarty Center).

1985-1990 Affiliate Associate Professor of Biology, University of Washington, College of Arts and Sciences

1987 Lecturer in Zoology, University of Washington

1992-98 Affiliate Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine

1998- Affiliate faculty, UCSD/Salk Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny

1998- Affiliate faculty, Living Links Center, Emory University

1998-2005 Affiliate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

2005- Affiliate Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington

HONORS & SOCIETIES

Phi Beta Kappa Book Award for Science (2002). Departmental Honors in Physics (with B.A., 1961); Program Committee, Society for Neuroscience (1975-78); Program and/or Organizing Committee, Winter Conference on Brain Research (1975-1984); formerly on Editorial Board, Journal for Theoretical Neurobiology, Journal of Electrophysiological Techniques. Member or past* elected member of American Physiological Society*, Biophysical Society*, International Association for the Study of Pain*, International Brain Research Organization, Society for Neuroscience, International Society for Human Ethology, AAAS, IEEE*, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, International Astronomical Union, Association for Psychological Science (Fellow, 1998), American Geophysical Union, Society for American Archaeology. Member, Board of Advisors & Kistler Prize Advisory Panel, Foundation for the Future. Science Advisory Board, NOVA Evolution series (2001).

TEACHING and UNIVERSITY COMMITTEES

Since about 1999, I have been a member of the Developmental Advisory Board for the university’s Friday Harbor Labs. Having stayed off the payroll since the mid-1980s, I have continued to frequently give research talks, or guest lectures in a course, usually in other departments; for example, in Autumn 2000, I taught a week of a course on the evolution of musical abilities in the School of Music, in Winter 2001 a week of the honors physics seminar, and in Spring 2001 I taught a week of a graduate geophysics seminar on abrupt climate change in the Department of Earth Sciences.

I taught introductory courses and advanced seminars in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics between 1967-72, ran the Neurological Surgery departmental seminar series in 1969-77, taught Biology 100 in 1983, taught Natural Sciences 222 in the College of Arts and Sciences honors program 1984-1985, and the advanced physiology course in Zoology 1986-87.

In the early 1970s, I served on the human subjects committee for several years, in the Faculty Senate, and on the University Council on Facilities and Services.

RESEARCH FUNDING

I had NIH grant support continuously from 1967 until the early 1980s, when I began taking leaves of absence for book writing; I have not even applied for support since then. Royalties have sufficed to support my research in theoretical neurophysiology (my 1996 book, The Cerebral Code, is essentially a research monograph, as is Lingua ex Machina).

I studied the recurrent excitatory circuitry of the superficial layers of mammalian neocortex; in particular, I am interested in how it can 1) support a Darwinian process for bootstrapping quality when engaging in novel actions, and 2) how it can support an “audit trail” for structured sentences and a forwards-leaping train of inference. Pathophysiologies (epilepsy and mental disorders) have been a secondary interest, as global brain theories must not only explain capabilities but characteristic malfunctions. I spend as much time on basic research as most professors; writing books is my substitute for teaching income.

In 1997, I was awarded a one-month residency at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Study Center to aid in writing the Lingua ex Machina book with Derek Bickerton (MIT Press, 2000). In 2000 and in 2001, I received a residency at the University of Washington’s Whiteley Center at the Friday Harbor Laboratories, in aid of writing A Brain for All Seasons, which received the Phi Beta Kappa book prize for science in 2002 and the Kistler Book Award in 2006.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

a) Refereed Journals

Doty, R. W., Glickstein, M., Calvin, W. H. (1966). Lamination in the lateral geniculate nucleus in the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus. Journal of Comparative Neurology 127:335-340.

Calvin, W. H., and Stevens, C. F. (1967). Synaptic noise as a source of variability in the interval between action potentials. Science 155:842-844.

Ehrlich, A., and Calvin, W. H. (1967). Visual discrimination behavior in Galago and owl monkey. Psychonomical Science 9:509-510.

Calvin, W. H., and Stevens, C. F. (1968). Synaptic noise and other sources of randomness in motoneuron interspike intervals. Journal of Neurophysiology 31:574-587.

Calvin, W.H. (1968). Evaluating membrane potential and spike patterns by experimenter-controlled computer displays. Experimental Neurology 21:512-534.

Calvin, W.H., Sypert, G.W., Ward, A.A., Jr. (1968). Structured timing patterns within bursts from epileptic neurons in undrugged monkey cortex. Experimental Neurology 21:535-549.

Calvin, W.H. (1969). Dendritic synapses and reversal potentials: theoretical implications of the view from the soma. Experimental Neurology 24:248-264.

Calvin, W. H., and Schwindt, P. C. (1972). Steps in production of motoneuron spikes during rhythmic firing. Journal of Neurophysiology 35:311-325.

Schwindt, P.C., and Calvin, W. H. (1972). Membrane-potential trajectories between spikes underlying motoneuron firing rates. Journal of Neurophysiology 35:311-325.

Calvin, William H. (1972). Synaptic potential summation and repetitive firing mechanisms: input-output theory for the recruitment of neurons into epileptic bursting firing patterns. Brain Research 39: 71-94.

Schwindt, P.C., and Calvin, W. H. (1973). Equivalence of synaptic and injected current in determining the membrane potential trajectory during motoneuron rhythmic firing. Brain Research 59: 389-394.

Schwindt, P.C., and Calvin, W. H. (1973). Nature of conductances underlying rhythmic firing in cat spinal motoneurons. Journal of Neurophysiology 36: 955-973

Calvin, W. H., Ojemann, G. A., and Ward, A. A., Jr. (1973). Human cortical neurons in epileptogenic foci: Comparison of inter-ictal firing patterns to those of “epileptic” neurons in animals. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 34:337-351.

Kjerulf, T. D., O'Neal, J. T., Calvin, W. H., Loeser, J. D., Westrum, L.E. (1973). Deafferentation effects in lateral cuneate nucleus of the cat: correlation of structural alterations with firing pattern changes. Experimental Neurology 39: 86-102.

Calvin, W. H. (1974). Three modes of repetitive firing and the role of threshold time course between spikes. Brain Research 69:341-346.

Calvin, W. H., and Sypert, G. W. (1975). Cerebral cortex neurons with extra spikes: a normal substrate for epileptic discharges? Brain Research 83: 498-503.

Calvin, W. H. (1975). Generation of spike trains in CNS neurons. Brain Research 84:1-22.

Calvin, W. H., and Loeser, J. D. (1975). Doublet and burst firing patterns within the dorsal column nuclei of cat and man. Experimental Neurology 48:406-426.

Calvin, W. H., and Sypert, G. W. (1976). Fast and slow pyramidal tract neurons: An intracellular analysis of their contrasting repetitive firing properties in the cat. Journal of Neurophysiology 39:420-434.

Howe, J. F., Calvin, W. H., and Loeser, J. D. (1976). Impulses reflected from dorsal root ganglia and from focal nerve injuries. Brain Research 116:139-144.

Howe, J. F., Loeser, J. D., and Calvin, W. H. (1977). Mechanosensitivity of dorsal root ganglia and chronically injured axons: A physiological basis for the radicular pain of nerve root compression. Pain 3:25-41.

Calvin, W. H., and Hartline, D. K. (1977). Retrograde invasion of lobster stretch receptor somata in the control of firing rate and extra spike patterning. Journal of Neurophysiology 40:106-118.

Calvin, W. H., Loeser, J. D., and Howe, J. F. (1977). A neurophysiological theory for the pain mechanism of tic douloureux. Pain 3:25-41.

Loeser, J. D., W. H. Calvin, and J. F. Howe (1977). Pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia. Clinical Neurosurgery 24:527-537.

Calvin, W. H. (1978). Setting the pace and pattern of discharge: Do CNS neurons vary their sensitivity to external inputs via their repetitive firing processes? Federation Proc. (Symp.) 37:2165-2170.

Turner, D. A., and Calvin, W. H. (1981). Dendritic analysis of lobster stretch receptor neurons: Electrotonic properties with single and distributed inputs. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 1:189-207.

Calvin, W. H., Devor, M., and Howe, J. F. (1982). Can neuralgias arise from minor demyelination? Spontaneous firing, mechanosensitivity, and afterdischarge from conducting axons. Experimental Neurology 75:755-763.

Calvin, W. H. (1982). Did throwing stones shape hominid brain evolution? Ethology and Sociobiology 3:115-124.

Calvin, W. H. (1983). Timing sequencers as a foundation for language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6(2):210-211.

Calvin, W. H. (1983). A stone's throw and its launch window: timing precision and its implications for language and hominid brains. Journal of Theoretical Biology 104:121-135.

Calvin, W. H. (1984). Precision timing requirements suggest wider brain connections, not more restricted ones. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7(3):334.

Calvin, W. H. (1987). On evolutionary expectations of symmetry and toolmaking. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10:267-268 (June 1987).

Calvin, W. H. (1987). The brain as a Darwin machine. Nature 330:33-34 (5 November).

Calvin, W. H. (1989). Commentary on “The archaeology of perception.” Current Anthropology 30(2):138-139 (April 1989).

Calvin, W. H., and K. Graubard (1991). Evolving neural functions. Seminars in the Neurosciences 3(5):351-353.

Calvin, W. H. (1991). Islands in the mind: dynamic subdivisions of association cortex and the emergence of a Darwin Machine. Seminars in the Neurosciences 3(5):423-433.

Calvin, W. H. (1997). The Six Essentials? Minimal Requirements for the Darwinian Bootstrapping of Quality. Journal of Memetics - Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission, 1, at http://cfpm.org/jom-emit/1997/vol1/calvin_wh.html

Calvin, W. H. (1998). Competing for consciousness: A Darwinian mechanism at an appropriate level of explanation. Journal of Consciousness Studies. 5(4):389-404.

Calvin, W. H. (2002). Rediscovery and the cognitive aspects of toolmaking: Lessons from the handaxe. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 25(3):403-404.

Calvin, W. H. (2016). Hitchhiking on the frontier: accelerating eusociality and other improbable evolutionary outcomes by trait hitchhiking in a boom-and-bust feedback loop. bioarxiv, doi: 10.1101/053819

Calvin, W. H. (2017). In Rift Valley settings with a feedback loop, assortative mating for versatility predicts hominin brain enlargement in some detail. bioarxiv, doi: 10.1101/164780

Calvin, W. H. (2020). Using an Emergency Medicine Mindset to Guide Climate Action. Earth and Space Science Open Archive (ESSOAr). DOI is 10.1002/essoar.10505455.1

b) Book chapters

Calvin, W. H. (1973). A third mode of repetitive firing: self-regenerative firing due to large delayed depolarizations. In: Control of Posture and Locomotion (R. Stein et al, eds.), Plenum Press.

Calvin, W. H., J. F. Howe, and J. D. Loeser (1977). Ectopic repetitive firing in focally demyelinated axons and some implications for trigeminal neuralgia. In: Pain in the Trigeminal Region (edited by D. J. Anderson and B. Matthews), pp. 125-136.

Calvin, W. H. (1978). Re-excitation in normal and abnormal repetitive firing of CNS neurons. In: Abnormal Neuronal Discharges (N. Chalazonitis and M. Boisson, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp.49-61.

Calvin, W. H. (1979). Some design features of axons and how neuralgias may defeat them. In: Advances in Pain Research and Therapy (J. Bonica, ed.), 3:297-309.

Calvin, W. H., and Graubard, K. (1979). Styles of neuronal computation. Chapter 29 in: The Neurosciences, Fourth Study Program. Edited by F. O. Schmitt and F. G. Worden. Cambridge: MIT Press, pp.513-524.

Graubard, K., and Calvin, W. H. (1979). Presynaptic dendrites: Implications of spikeless synaptic transmission and dendritic geometry. Chapter 18 in: The Neurosciences, Fourth Study Program. Edited by F. O. Schmitt and F. G. Worden. Cambridge: MIT Press, pp.317-331.

Calvin, W. H. (1980). Normal repetitive firing and its pathophysiology. In: Epilepsy: A Window to Brain Mechanisms (J. Lockard and A. A. Ward, Jr., eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 97-121.

Calvin, W. H. (1982). Ectopic firing from damaged nerve: Chemo- and mechanosensitivity, afterdischarge and crosstalk. In: Etiology of Idiopathic Low Back Pain (A. A. White III, S. Gordon, eds.), C. V. Mosby: Philadelphia. pp. 433-443.

Calvin, W. H. (1982). To spike or not to spike? Controlling the neuron's rhythm, preventing the ectopic beat. In: Abnormal Nerves and Muscles as Impulse Generators. Edited by W. J. Culp and J. Ochoa. Pages 295-321. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

Calvin, W. H. (1988). Fast Tracks to Intelligence: Considerations from Evolutionary Biology and Neurobiology. In: Bioastronomy - The Next Steps, edited by George Marx (D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland), Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Bioastronomy Colloquium 99, Lake Balaton, Hungary (June 1987), pp.237-245.

Calvin, W. H. (1990). The trilogy of Homo seriatim. In Speculations: The Reality Club, edited by John Brockman (New York: Prentice Hall), pp. 1-17.

Calvin, W. H. (1990). Simulations of reality: Deciding what to do next. In Speculations: The Reality Club, edited by John Brockman (New York: Prentice Hall), pp. 109-130.

Calvin, W. H. (1991). The antecedents of consciousness: Evolving the “intelligent” ability to simulate situations and contemplate the consequences of novel courses of action. In: Bioastronomy: The Exploration Broadens, edited by Jean Heidmann and Michael J. Klein (Springer-Verlag's Lecture Notes in Physics series), pp. 311-319.

Calvin, W. H. (1991). Why an intentional ETI signal might masquerade as a familiar radio astronomy object. In: Bioastronomy: The Exploration Broadens, edited by Jean Heidmann and Michael J. Klein (Springer-Verlag's Lecture Notes in Physics series), pp. 395-397.

Calvin, William H. (1992). Evolving mixed-media messages and Grammatical Language: Secondary uses of the neural sequencing machinery needed for ballistic movements. In Language Origin: A Multidisciplinary Approach edited by J. Wind, B. Chiarelli, B. Bichakjian, A. Nocentini, A. Jonker (Kluver, Dordrecht), pp. 163-179.

Calvin, W. H. (1993). The unitary hypothesis: A common neural circuitry for novel manipulations, language, plan-ahead, and throwing? In Tools, Language, and Cognition in Human Evolution, edited by Kathleen R. Gibson and Tim Ingold. Cambridge University Press, pp. 230-250.

Calvin, W. H. (1994). The emergence of intelligence. Scientific American 271(4):100-107 (October; special issue Life in the Universe; reprinted in a Scientific American book of the same name, 1995). Many translation editions. Revised in 2006 for a Scientific American special edition on human evolution.

Calvin, W. H. (1995). Cortical columns, modules, and Hebbian cell assemblies. In: The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, edited by Michael A. Arbib (Bradford Books/MIT Press), pp. 269-272.

Calvin, W. H. (1995). How to think what no one has ever thought before. In How Things Are: A Science Tool-Kit for the Mind, edited by John Brockman and Katinka Matson (William Morrow), pp. 151-164.

Calvin, W. H. (1999). Cortical columns and modules. MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences, (Bradford Books/MIT Press).

William H. Calvin (1999). Ephemeral Levels of Mental Organization: Darwinian Competitions as a Basis for Consciousness. Toward a Science of Consciousness: The Third Tucson Discussions and Debates (Stuart Hameroff, Al Kaszniak and David Chalmers, editors), MIT Press, chapter 25, pp.297-308.

Calvin, W. H. (1999). “What creativity in science and art tell us about how the brain must work,” in Einstein meets Magritte: an international reflection on science, nature, human action, and society. Kluver Scientific Publications.

Calvin, William H. (2000). “Computers as Modelers of Climate,” in The Greatest Inventions of the Past 2,000 Years (John Brockman, editor), Simon & Schuster, pp. 86-88.

Calvin, William H. (2001), "Abrupt Climate Jumps and the Evolution of Higher Intellectual Functions during the Ice Ages," chapter for R. J. Sternberg, ed., The Evolution of Intelligence (Erlbaum), pp. 97-115. See also http://WilliamCalvin.com/1990s/1999intelligence-chapter.htm

Calvin, William H. (2004), "Gott neu erfinden,” chapter for Tobias Daniel Wabbel (ed.), Im Anfang war (k)ein Gott (Patmos, Dusseldorf, 2004), pp. 175-185. See also http://WilliamCalvin.com/2003/reinventing.htm for the original English, “Reinventing God.”

Calvin, William H. (2005), "Konzeptwandel nach dem Kontakt,” chapter for Tobias Daniel Wabbel (ed.), Leben im All (Patmos, Dusseldorf), pp. 127-140. See also http://WilliamCalvin.com/2005/postcontact.htm for the original English, “Concept Change After Contact.”

Calvin, William H. (2006). Filling the empty niches. In: Intellectuals who quest beyond the ivory tower, edited by Saleem Ali and Robert F. Barsky. AmeriQuests: Vanderbilt University, at http://ejournals.library.vanderbilt.edu/ameriquests/viewissue.php?id=8.

Calvin, William H. (2007). Why a creative brain? Evolutionary setups for off-line planning of coherent stages. In: Consciousness and Cognition: Fragments of Mind and Brain, edited by Henri Cohen and Brigitte Stemmer. Elsevier, pp.115-126.

c) Books

William H. Calvin and George A. Ojemann (1980). Inside the Brain: Mapping the Cortex, Exploring the Neuron. New York: New American Library. Authors Guild reprint edition, 2001.

William H. Calvin (1983). The Throwing Madonna: Essays on the Brain. New York: McGraw-Hill. Revised edition by Bantam (July, 1991). Japanese translation. Authors Guild reprint edition, 2001.

William H. Calvin (1986). The River That Flows Uphill: A Journey from the Big Bang to the Big Brain. New York: Macmillan. Quality Paperback Book Club, Macmillan Natural History Book Club. Dutch translation De Rivier die tegen de Berg Opstroomt (Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 1990). German translation Der Strom der bergauf fließt: Ein Reise durch die Evolution (Carl Hanser Verlag, August 1994; hardcover bestseller Spring 1995; softcover bestseller 1997). Authors Guild reprint edition, 2001.

William H. Calvin (1989). The Cerebral Symphony: Seashore Reflections on the Structure of Consciousness. New York: Bantam. Hardcover. Literary Guild, Macmillan Science Book Club. Dutch translation De Cerebrale Symfonie (Bert Bakker 1992). German translation Die Symphonie des Denkens (Carl Hanser Verlag 1993). Authors Guild reprint edition, 2001.

William H. Calvin (1990). The Ascent of Mind: Ice Age Climates and the Evolution of Intelligence. New York: Bantam. Library of Science Book Club. Finalist, Los Angeles Times Book Award. Dutch translation De opkomst van het intellect: Een reis naar de ijstijd (Bert Bakker 1994). German translation Der Schritt aus der Kälte (1997). Authors Guild reprint edition, 2001.

William H. Calvin (1991). How the Shaman Stole the Moon: In Search of Ancient Prophet-Scientists from Stonehenge to the Grand Canyon. New York: Bantam. Dutch translation Hoe de Sjamaan de Maan Stal (Bert Bakker 1993). German translation Wie der Schamane den Mond Stahl (Carl Hanser, 1996). Authors Guild reprint edition, 2001.

William H. Calvin and George A. Ojemann (1994). Conversations with Neil's Brain: The Neural Nature of Thought and Language (Addison-Wesley trade book). Dutch and German translations. Library of Science Book Club.

William H. Calvin (1996). How Brains Think: Evolving Intelligence, Then and Now (Basic Books, part of Science Masters series with 13 translation editions). Book of the Month Club.

William H. Calvin (1996). The Cerebral Code: Thinking a Thought in the Mosaics of the Mind (M.I.T. Press). Research monograph. 1998 paperback. German translation 2000.

William H. Calvin and Derek Bickerton (2000). Lingua ex Machina: Reconciling Darwin and Chomsky with the Human Brain. MIT Press. Research monograph. Spanish translation.

William H. Calvin (2002). A Brain for All Seasons: Human Evolution and Abrupt Climate Change. University of Chicago Press. Paperback, 2003. Winner of Phi Beta Kappa book prize for a scientist’s contribution to literature and also the $10,000 Kistler Book Prize for 2006. faculty.washington.edu/wcalvin/BrainForAllSeasons/.

William H. Calvin (2004). A Brief History of the Mind: From Apes to Intellect and Beyond. Oxford University Press. faculty.washington.edu/wcalvin/BHM/.

William H. Calvin (2005). Almost Us: Portraits of the Apes. Version 1.0. Booksurge/Amazon.com. See apes.WilliamCalvin.com.

William H. Calvin (2008). Global Fever: How to Treat Climate Change. University of Chicago Press. See Global-Fever.org.

William H. Calvin (2012a). The Great Climate Leap: A Climate Surprise is like a Heart Attack. ClimateBooks. See WilliamCalvin.org/bk15.

William H. Calvin (2012b). The Great CO2 Cleanup: Backing Out of the Danger Zone. ClimateBooks. See WilliamCalvin.org/bk16.

William H. Calvin (2019). Extreme weather and what to do about it. ClimateBooks. Preprint edition 0.9.

d) Other Publications

Calvin, William H. (1981). The throwing theory for language origins. Human Ethology Newsletter 3:17-22.

Calvin, William H. (1982). Book review of: Neurones Without Impulses by A. Roberts and B. M. B. Bush. Journal of Neurobiology 13:199-200.

Calvin, W. H. (1984). Gray matters: a guide to the brain (book review of Richard Restak's The Brain). Washington Post Book World 14(44):8-14 (4 November).

Calvin, W. H. (1987). Bootstrapping thought: Is consciousness a Darwinian sidestep? Whole Earth Review 55:22-28 (Summer 1987).

Calvin, W. H. (1987). Of fast teeth and big heads. Nature 328:481 (6 August; scientific correspondence).

Calvin, W. H. (1987). The Great Encephalization: Throwing, juvenilization, developmental slowing, and maternal mortality roles in prehuman brain enlargement. Human Ethology Newsletter 5(3):6-8 (September 1987).

Calvin, W. H. (1988). The evolutionary sidestep. Whole Earth Review 60:4-9 (Fall 1988).

Calvin, W. H. (1988). A global brain theory (a book review of Gerald Edelman's Neural Darwinism). Science 240:1802-1803 (24 June 1988).

Calvin, W. H. (1991). Do it yourself eclipse prediction. Whole Earth Review 70:64-71.

Calvin, W. H. (1991). Greenhouse and icehouse: Might catastrophic cooling be triggered by global warming? Whole Earth Review 73:106-111.

Calvin, W. H. (1993). Cautions on the superhuman transition. Whole Earth Review 81:96-98.

Calvin, W. H. (1994). The Emergence of Intelligence. Scientific American, DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican1094-100

Calvin, W. H. (1997). Book review of Terrence W. Deacon’s The Symbolic Species in The New York Times Book Review (August 10).

Calvin, W. H. (1998). "The great climate flip-flop," The Atlantic Monthly 281(1):47-64. See also http://WilliamCalvin.com/1990s/1998AtlanticClimate.htm

Calvin, W. H. (1998). "The emergence of intelligence", Scientific American Presents 9(4):44-51 (November 1998). See also http://WilliamCalvin.com/1990s/1998SciAmer.htm

Calvin, W. H. (1998). “To make sure that things go on,” Whole Earth Review.

Calvin, W. H. (1999). Book review of Antonio R. Damasio’s The Feeling of What Happens in The New York Times Book Review (October 24). See also http://WilliamCalvin.com/1990s/1999NYTBR.htm

Calvin, W. H. (1999). “Par-delà les scissures et les sillons,” La Recherche issue “Le cerveau d'Einstein,” 326:42-43 (December 1999). English version at http://WilliamCalvin.com/1990s/1999Einstein.htm

Loftus, Elizabeth F., and William H. Calvin (March-April 2001). Memory’s future. Psychology Today.

Calvin, William (2002). “My synapses, myself,” book review of Joseph LeDoux’s Synaptic Self in Nature 417, 691 - 692 (June 13). See also http://WilliamCalvin.com/2002/SynapticSelfReview.pdf

Calvin, William (2003). Book review of Adam Zeman’s Consciousness: A User’s Guide in the New York Times (28 September 2003). See also http://WilliamCalvin.com/2003/consciousness.htm

Calvin, William (2004). The fate of the soul. Natural History (June 2004). See also http://WilliamCalvin.com/2004/fateofthesoul.htm

Calvin, William H. (2005). “Konzeptwandel nach dem Kontact [Concept change after Contact],” in Leben im All [Life in the Universe]: Positionen aus Naturwissenschaft, Philosophie, und Theologie, edited by T. D. Wabbel (Patmos, Duesseldorf), pp. 127-140. See also http://WilliamCalvin.com/2005/postcontact.htm for the original English.

Calvin, William H. (2005). In What We Believe But Cannot Prove, edited by John Brockman (Free Press, New York), pp.145-146.

Calvin, William H. (2008) Our climate fix must be big and quick. arXiv:0810.2275v1.

e) Manuscripts

f) Abstracts (1965-1977 omitted)

Ojemann, G. A., Calvin, W. H., and Ward, A. A., Jr. (1978). Intrinsic neuronal membrane abnormalities in human epileptic foci as inferred from effects of focal cooling. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 4:145.

Calvin, W. H., and K. Graubard (1979). Somatic vs dendritic synapses: Membrane resistivity is often unimportant in determining relative strengths. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 5:1690.

Calvin, W. H., and D. A. Turner (1980). Voltage and current transfer along dendrites of lobster stretch receptor neurons. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 6:197.

Graubard, K., and William H. Calvin (1981). Aplysia buccal ganglion motorneurons: Morphology and electrotonic properties. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 7:113.

Calvin, W. H. (1984). Fine discrimination as an emergent property of parallel neural circuits. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 10:218.11.

Calvin, W. H. (1986). The great encephalization: Throwing, juvenilization, developmental slowing, and maternal mortality roles in prehuman brain enlargement. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 12:136.9 (abstract; entire text was subsequently published in Human Ethology Newsletter, September 1987).

Calvin, W. H. (1987). Darwin machines: Selection among stochastic sequencers in parallel command buffers as a mimic of consciousness. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 13(3):428.16.

Calvin, W. H. (1988). Why “Grandmother's Face” and “command” Neurons Are Rare (Answer: The Fireworks Finale). Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 14:260.

Calvin, William H. (1989). Darwinian view of language: A well-formed sentence as analogous to speciation and the immune response. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 15:415.12.

Calvin, W. H. (1990). The cortical consensus: A distributed darwinian model for recognition and decision-to-act. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 16:446.3

Calvin, W. H. (1991). Islands in the mind: dynamic subdivisions in "association" cortex as a Darwin Machine that augments intelligence. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 17:51.10

Calvin, William H. (1992). Association cortex as a darwinian workspace: Corticocortical axons suggest cloning from hexagonal engrams. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 18:214.18

Calvin, William H. (1993). Error-correcting codes: Coherent hexagonal copying from fuzzy neuroanatomy. World Congress on Neural Networks 1:101-104 (1993).

Calvin, W. H. (1993). Binding forms a cerebral code which error corrects: Scattered feature detectors generate a hexagonal code via synchronizing excitation among pyramidal neurons. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 19:398.22.

Calvin, W. H. (1994). Compressing the cerebral code: Hebbian cell assemblies may be concentrated into a hexagonal macrocolumn. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 20:315 (138.4).

Calvin, W. H. (1995). Island biogeography in cerebral cortex. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 21:372.13.

Calvin, W. H. (1996). Universal Grammar's emergence from proto­language: corticocortical coherence could enable binding and recursive embedding. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 22:440.13.

Calvin, W. H. (1997). Evolving the brain basis of protolanguage and syntax. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 23:414.12.

Calvin, W. H. (1998). Climate instability and hominid brain evolution. Abstract of June 1998 invited talk for American Geophysical Union's Chapman Conference, Mechanisms of Millennial-Scale Global Climate Change. See also http://faculty.washington.edu/talks/1998AGU.htm.

OTHER (National invitational lectures, etc.)

“The Great Use-it-or-lose-it Intelligence Test” was the World Bank's CGIAR Crawford Memorial Lecture at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, audience of 800 from 60+ countries, December 2007.

President’s Lecture, Rice University, November 2007.

“What creativity in science and art tell us about how the brain must work,” an invited lecture for the Vrije Universiteit Brussel 25th anniversary celebration, Einstein meets Magritte: an international reflection on science, nature, human action, and society, 1995.

Invited lecturer, Dutch National Science Week, 1992

“Emergency 20-year Drawdown of Excess CO₂ via Push-Pull Ocean Pumps.” 2013. MIT. Finalist.