During the Spanish colonial period (1521–1898), Philippine architecture was heavily influenced by European styles. Stone churches, fortresses, and bahay na bato combined Spanish techniques with local materials like coral stone and bricks. These structures, such as San Agustin Church and Intramuros, symbolized religious devotion, power, and protection.

Spanish colonial architecture in the Philippines began in 1565 with the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi. The Spaniards introduced stone and brick construction, fortifying settlements with churches, convents, and administrative buildings. This style served both religious purposes and colonial control, marking the start of a transformative era in Philippine architecture.

• The San Agustin Church is the only building in Intramuros to survive World War II bombings.

• The "bahay na bato" inspired the architecture of early 20th-century Filipino houses.

• Vigan's unique town layout was designed by Spanish authorities to protect it from pirates.