During its tenure, the Vermont Marble Co. operated several company stores for the intended benefit of its employees. Typically, a company store is a retail store selling a limited range of food, clothing and daily necessities to employees of a company. It is typical of a company town in a remote area where virtually everyone is employed by one firm, such as a coal mine. In a company town, the housing is owned by the company but there may be independent stores there or nearby.
Redfield Proctor intended these stores to operate as "cooperative businesses" or businesses hypothetically democratically controlled by its members, with varying degrees of success as described below.
In the mid 1850s, teams from nearby Pittsford would make two trips a week to Sutherland Falls to deliver goods and take orders from the residents of the town until Haywood and Hay began operating a store in the marble yards next to the Sutherland Falls office building. This arrangement continued, allowing residents to purchase their goods directly, until a fire broke out in the store's cellar in 1872 and destroyed the buildings and its contents.
While the Sutherland Falls store burned, the Clarendon and Pittsford Railroad crew traveled to the company store in West Rutland to load a boxcar full of essentials. By morning, the store was conducting business as usual using various buildings around town; groceries were sold in the old library, drugs and medicine in a room at the realty office, and dry goods from the basement of the village hall.
As management of the Vermont Marble Co., Redfield Proctor built a new store on the same site and hired H.E. Spencer to manage it rather than leasing it. This new store opened the same year and sold primarily staple groceries and feed.
The size of the building and the goods it sold were adequate for about a decade until the growing number of people employed by the company could not be accommodated. A new, larger structure for the company store was completed in 1882. In the early 1890s, an addition was constructed, with the second floor of the building holding the library and Odd Fellows Hall and the basement hosting the post office and a barbershop.
In the early 1880s, when the store was constructed, Proctor began by attempting to run the store as a cooperative store, though the system failed. Thus, the store operated primarily on a passbook basis, where purchases were recorded in a passbook and at the end of the month added up and deducted from the individual's wages.
In 1903, Proctor again made the store into a cooperative store where the company did not receive any of the profits. Operating expenses like rent, merchandise, and salaries were deducted and the remainder divided among employees depending on the sum of their individual purchases for the year.
In November of 1913, the 1882 store burned to the ground and was rebuilt on the site of the old stone schoolhouse of brick with marble trimmings; fireproof construction to prevent the loss of thousands of dollars in goods again.
Proctor's vision for a first-class company store for the Vermont Marble Co.'s employees was fulfilled by this building's construction in 1915. Prices at similar stores in typical towns of Vermont were studied to aim at providing employees with the variety and quality of goods they ought to have with the help of the company's capital. Though these studies were not conclusive, comparisons between the Proctor store and others make it seem as though people could live as cheaply as anywhere in Vermont.
As transportation became more convenient in the 20th century, residents began to shop in retail shops in Rutland. In 1922, several stores were opened in Proctor and became competitors with the company store, operating at a loss in 1921 and 1922. By 1927, the cooperative store saw it needed to change to keep up with retail and chain stores. Though it continued to emphasize convenience and a prioritization of providing for the community rather than a drive for profit, the store fell with the beginnings of the Great Depression and disbanded in the early 1930s.
For a time, there were two cooperative stores in West Rutland. When Sutherland Falls Marble Co. merged with the Rutland Marble Co. in West Rutland in 1880, the newly formed Vermont Marble Co. continued to operate the store. E. Tremayne managed the store that had previously been inside the Rutland Marble Co.'s office.
In 1892, following the Vermont Marble Co.'s acquisition of the Sheldon Marble Co. and its store, the Rutland Marble Co. store served as a three-family tenement for more than twenty years until it was torn down.
The store that was part of the Sheldon Marble Co., built in 1855 and run by H.H. Brown, continued to operate following the Vermont Marble Co.'s purchase of the company in 1891. As independent stores in West Rutland began to create competition and residents could reach shops in Rutland via West Rutland's connection on the trolley line, business declined and in 1921, it was decided that the store would close. After 1922, the store was used for storing supplies and what stock could not be sold was taken to the cooperative store in Proctor.
Since 1989, this building has served as the primary building for the Carving Studio and Sculpture Center.
Around 1880, the Vermont Marble Co. purchased the abandoned Methodist church in Rutland and remodeled it into a store.
In 1907, the store caught fire and was determined beyond saving. At the time, it housed both the post office and town hall, though the company had been planning to discontinue the store before the following year.
In 1911, the Vermont Marble Co. purchased the Rutland Florence Marble Co. and acquired a small store in Florence that they operated as a branch of the Proctor store. It was managed by George Mack who had transferred from the West Rutland store, then William Sheldon from the Proctor store, and finally John McLaughlin.
The 1920s brought the same problems to the Florence store as the store in Proctor, selling the store to McLaughlin in 1931 but keeping the coal business.
To learn more, read the entire article on the Vermont Marble Company stores from Rutland Historical Society Quarterly in 2010.
References
Fregosi, Mary. “The Vermont Marble Company Stores.” Rutland Historical Society Quarterly 40, no. 2, 2010.
Miglorie, Catherine. Vermont’s Marble Industry. Arcadia Publishing, 2013.
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