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WA 98195 (e-mail:shalhub@uw.edu).The editors and reviewers of this article have no relevantfinancial relationships todisclose per the JVS policy that requires reviewers to decline review of anymanuscript for which they may have a conflict of interest.0741-5214CopyrightÓ2020 by the Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.08.036772 Nicolas J. MouawadKaren WooRafael D. MalgorMax V. WohlauerAdam P. JohnsonRobert F. CuffDawn M. ColemanSheila M. CooganMalachi G. SheahanSherene Shalhub1 outcomes, preserve essential equipment and resourcesneeded to handle the volume of critically ill patients, anduphold the crucial public health guidelines for physicaldistancing.2-6Early reports have described the impact ofthese restrictions on local practice patterns amid thepandemic.7,8The objective of this study was to describethe vascular surgery practice pattern changes in the inpa-tient, ambulatory, and vascular laboratory settings associ-ated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Statesduring the period of April 14 to 24, 2020.METHODSSurvey design.The Pandemic Practice, Anxiety, Coping,and Support Survey was an anonymous cross-sectionalsurvey on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic onvascular surgeons developed by the Society for VascularSurgery (SVS) Wellness Task Force. This analysis focuseson the survey responses related to pattern changes invascular surgery practices in the United States, including the inpatient setting, ambulatory, and vascular labora-tory setting. Additionally, questions regarding occupa-tional exposure to COVID-19, adequacy of personalprotective equipment (PPE), elective surgery practices,changes in call schedules, and redeployment tononvascular surgery duties were included. The surveyquestions are included in the Supplementary Information (online only). The study was reviewed bythe University of Washington Human Subjects Divisionand deemed exempt (#009926) owing to the minimalrisk and nonidentifiable nature of the study. Consent byeach participant was given by their individual responseto the survey. A multimodality approach, previouslydescribed,9was used to disseminate the survey betweenApril 14 and 24, 2020, inclusive. Dissemination modalitiesincluded the SVS membership electronic mailing lists,other organizational mailing lists, podcasts, newsletters,and social media platforms . The survey data were collected using a secureREDCap data capture platform hosted at the Universityof Washington.9,10The data were analyzed usingdescriptive statistics. Categorical data are presented asnumbers and percentages. Continuous data are pre-sented as means and standard deviation of the mean ormedian and ranges or interquartile range where appro-priate. Data were compared using the Studentt-test fornormally distributed data and Wilcoxon rank-sum testfor non-normally distributed data. Categorical data werecompared using the Pearsonc2test. Data were analyzedusing SPSS 19.0 for Windows (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, Ill).RESULTSA total of 535 vascular surgeons in the United Statesresponded to the survey from 45 states (Fig 1), with anevenly distributed response by region (25.8% Northeast,22.8% Southeast, 23.6% Midwest, and 27.9% West/Southwest). The estimated response rate is detailed intheSupplementary Table(online only). New York wasthe state with the highest number of responses(n¼50 [9.3%]), followed by California (n¼45 [8.4%])and Michigan (n¼38 [7.1%]). A large proportion of therespondents were male (73.1%), white (70.7%), and prac-ticed in urban settings (81.7%) and teaching hospitals(66.8%). Almost one-half of all respondents
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