Overview
Module 5 will examine how class, race, and gender contribute to language.
Course Objectives Addressed
Recognize and value the issues and complexities of language as a cultural practice
Module Learning Outcomes
Appraise the roles of class, race, and gender in language
Readings
Language, Culture, and Communication:
The Meaning of Messages
By Nancy Bonvillain
Chapter 9 (Societal Segmentation and Linguistic Variation: Class and Race)
Chapter 10 (Language and Gender)
Although the terms accent and dialect are often used interchangably, the two terms do hold different meanings. It is important to differentiate between the two when discussing language and culture.
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines an accent as:
"a distinctive manner of expression: such as
a: a way of speaking typical of a particular group of people and especially of the natives or residents of a region
spoke with a Russian accent
b: an individual's distinctive or characteristic inflection, tone, or choice of words —usually used in plural" (Merriam-Webster, 2023)
An accent is simply the way that one speaks, their pronunciation, and is not rule governed.
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a dialect as:
"a regional variety of language distinguished by features of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation from other regional varieties and constituting together with them a single language
the Doric dialect of ancient Greek
a dialect of Chinese spoken in Hong Kong" (Merriam-Webster, 2023)
A dialect includes the accent and is the rule-governed variety of a language used by a group of people.
Class
"Language use both reflects and reinforces class differences." (Bonvillain, 2020, p.238)
The use of language can be used in different ways by different social classes in a society. These can be subtle differences or very apparent depending on the social environment and speakers. Using language in a certain way can cause listeners to categorize the speaker as upper, middle, or lower class regardless of the truth behind that categorization.
Race
An individual's race often carries with it strong cultural connections. These can be seen in many aspects of life but are often observed in language. Two common racial dialects of English are African American Vernacular English (AAVE) and Spanish Influenced English.
This chart, although not an exhaustive list, provides several examples of phonological and grammatical variations of AAVE as compared to Standard American English (SAE).
(T., 2014)
AAVE/Ebonics/Black English
African American Vernacular English (AAVE), also called African American English, Ebonics or Black English is a dialect of English spoken by many people in the United States. Although the majority of speakers of AAVE are African American, one's race neither includes or excludes them from being an AAVE speaker. AAVE is a rule-governed dialect that has strong cultural roots.
This chart, although not an exhaustive list, provides several examples of phonological and grammatical variations of Spanish Influenced English as compared to Standard American English (SAE).
(Fox, 2015)
Spanish Influenced English
Spanish Influenced English, sometimes referred to as Hispanic Influenced English (HIE) is another dialect spoken by many people in the United States. Similarly to AAVE, the majority of Spanish influenced English speakers are Hispanic. However, one's race neither includes or excludes them from being a Spanish influenced English speaker. Spanish influenced English is a rule-governed dialect that has strong cultural roots.
Gender
The study of language and gender can be examined in two main ways. First, differences in the way that males and females use language can be analyzed. Secondly, the gender assigned to certain words within a language can be analyzed. Both provide insight into how language and culture affect one's identity.
No formal discussion questions will be graded this week. However, an open discussion forum is available for this module on Canvas to encourage class discussion.
Introduction:
The roles of race, class, and gender in our language use are significant. While they are sometimes less obvious in daily life, they can often be seen clearly in literature. This assignment will examine children's literature to find examples of the impact of race, class and gender on language use.
Completion Instructions:
Choose a children's book or short young adult novel which portrays a character using language influenced by race, class, or gender.
Create a video book report by completing the following:
Share the title and author of the book (You can use a tangible book or e-book, but please show the front cover of the book on video)
Share the date of publication and why that might affect the language use
Share the age/grade range of children who are the target audience for this book
Share the name of the character whose language you are analyzing
Share a personal description of the character (e.g., age, gender, race, etc.), along with any illustrations that may be provided
Read at least two quotes from the character
Summarize the language use and the role of race, class, and/or gender in the creation of this character
Share your personal impressions of this book and the language use of this character
Please note that you are not being asked to retell the story but to analyze the story's content, specifically the use of language.
This assignment will be graded based on your ability to analyze language use in literature. Your assignment should demonstrate an ability to present your personal considerations and observations professionally.
Submission Instructions:
Your video and additional information should be uploaded to the provided PowerPoint slide. Each student will find their own prepared slide in the OneDrive folder titled "Module 5 Video Book Report". Examples are also provided through the link in Canvas for your reference.
For this assignment, nothing is required to be submitted through Canvas. Your video should not exceed 5 minutes in length and should include all the information requested.
Please DO NOT add additional slides to the presentation or edit slides belonging to other students.
Required Tasks
Read through the content of this module
Watch the videos embedded in this module
Complete the required readings
Complete and turn in the assignment for this module on One Drive
Continue work on the final project
References
Anthony Pym. (2019, January 25). Do women and men use language the same way? [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Txd93vZQHWU
Aze Linguistics. (2021, February 24). Difference between Dialect and Language [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3_Vgm0jJss
Aze Linguistics. (2022, June 8). Language and Gender: A Whorfian Problem [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGw6C0CQJ1M
Babbel. (2020, February 14). Why Do Languages Have Grammatical Gender? | Ask a Linguist [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljrtQtj4BOM
Bonvillain, N. (2020). Language, Culture, and Communication: The Meaning of Messages. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Fox, K. (2015, December 18). Consonant. Pinterest. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/230176230933112710/
Merriam-Webster. (2023). Accent. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved February 8, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/accent
T. (2014, February 19). AAVE Linguistic Characteristics. The AAVE Blog: A Closer Look at African American Vernacular English. https://acloserlookataave.wordpress.com/2014/02/19/aave-linguistic-characteristics/
What’s Good English. (2021, September 14). AAVE Basics // Zero Copula //Basics Of African American Vernacular Episode 1 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hw25n4Ehs4o
Word Facts. (2020, January 23). Language and Class [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dqae3o_9wjE