Sukkot

Talmud, Midrash, and Commentary

ט׳) אמר לו מפני מה הקב״ה ברא בעולמו צירעין ועכביש שמפסידין ואין בהם הנאה? אמר לו פעם אחת היה דוד מלך ישראל ע״ה יושב בגנו וראה צירעה אוכלת עכביש ובא שוטה ובידו עץ והיה מגרשם, אמר דוד לפני הקב״ה רבש״ע מה הנאה באלו שבראת בעולמך צירעה אוכלת דבש ומשחתת ואין בה הנאה, עכביש יארוג כל השנה ולא ילבשנו, שוטה חסר דעה מזיק את הבריות ואינו יודע יחודך וגבורתך ואין בו הנאה לעולם. אמר לו הקב״ה דוד! מלעיג אתה על הבריות תבא שעה ותצטרך להם ותדע למה נבראו

ובזמן שמצא דוד לשאול שוכב בצהרים והיה אבנר שוכב בפתח ראשו בפתח אחד ורגליו זקופות בא ונכנס מבין רגליו ונטל צפחת המים, וכשבא לצאת מבין רגליו פשט אבנר רגליו וכסהו בם והיו עליו כשני עמודים גדולים ובקש רחמים מה' ואמר אלי אלי למה עזבתני, באותה שעה עשה לו נס ושלח לו צירעה ונשכה רגלי אבנר וזקפן ויצא דוד ושבח להקב״ה, ולא ראוי לבן אדם להלעיג במעשה האל.

"He said to him, 'Why did the Holy Blessed One create in Their world wasps and spiders, which cause harm and get no benefit from it?' He said to him, 'It once happened that David King of Israel, peace be upon him, was sitting in his garden, and he saw a wasp eating a spider, and a fool arrived with a stick in his hand and was chasing them away. David said before the Holy Blessed One: "Master of the world! What benefit is there to these, which you created in your world? The wasp eats honey and stings, and she gets no benefit from it; the spider weaves all year but he never dresses in it; the fool with no intelligence harms other creatures and does not know your unity and strength, and there is no benefit in him to the world." The Holy Blessed One said to him: "David! You are slandering the creatures. The hour will come when you will need them, and you will know why they were created."

"And when David found Saul lying down at noontime, Avner was lying at the entrance, with his head at one entrance and his legs outstretched, and he [David] came and entered between his legs and took the water flask. And when he went to leave between his legs, Avner stretched his legs and covered him with them, and they were over him like two great pillars. And he asked for mercy from Hashem, and said, 'My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?' At that moment, a miracle was done for him, and sent him a hornet, and she bit Avner's legs, and he straightened them, and David exited and praised the Holy Blessed One. And it would be inappropriate for a human to slander God's doings." - Otzar Midrashim The Aleph Bet of Ben Sira (alternative version) 38

Description:

Sukkot is one of our lesser known holidays despite its prevalence in Tanakh as the main festival. One mitzvah includes eating food in the Sukkah with challah often dipped in honey. However, this can prove troublesome in many climates especially with bugs to the point that many Jews have a running gag of bees in the sukkah. Because of this midrash, Avner has to deal with hornets in the sukah.

Date Finished:

September 20, 2025

Talmud, Midrash, and Commentary

אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק, מַאי דִּכְתִיב: ״מַה תִּתְהַלֵּל בְּרָעָה הַגִּבּוֹר חֶסֶד אֵל כׇּל הַיּוֹם״? אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְדוֹאֵג: לֹא גִּבּוֹר בַּתּוֹרָה אַתָּה? מַה תִּתְהַלֵּל בְּרָעָה? לֹא חֶסֶד אֵל נָטוּי עָלֶיךָ כׇּל הַיּוֹם?

"Rabbi Yitzḥak says: 'What is the meaning of that which is written: “Why boast of your evil mighty one? The mercy of God endures continually” (Psalms 52:3)? The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Doeg: "Aren’t you mighty in Torah? Why do you boast of evil? Isn’t God’s mercy extended over you continually when you engage in His Torah?"'" - Sanhedrin 106b:6

דָּבָר אַחֵר, פְּרִי עֵץ הָדָר, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, מָה אֶתְרוֹג זֶה יֵשׁ בּוֹ טַעַם וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ רֵיחַ, כָּךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ בָּהֶם בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם תּוֹרָה וְיֵשׁ בָּהֶם מַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים. כַּפֹּת תְּמָרִים, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, מָה הַתְּמָרָה הַזּוֹ יֵשׁ בּוֹ טַעַם וְאֵין בּוֹ רֵיחַ, כָּךְ הֵם יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ בָּהֶם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם תּוֹרָה וְאֵין בָּהֶם מַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים. וַעֲנַף עֵץ עָבֹת, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, מָה הֲדַס יֵשׁ בּוֹ רֵיחַ וְאֵין בּוֹ טַעַם, כָּךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ בָּהֶם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם מַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים וְאֵין בָּהֶם תּוֹרָה. וְעַרְבֵי נָחַל, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, מָה עֲרָבָה זוֹ אֵין בָּהּ טַעַם וְאֵין בָּהּ רֵיחַ, כָּךְ הֵם יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ בָּהֶם בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לֹא תּוֹרָה וְלֹא מַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים, וּמָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה לָהֶם, לְאַבְּדָן אִי אֶפְשָׁר, אֶלָּא אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יֻקְשְׁרוּ כֻלָּם אֲגֻדָּה אַחַת וְהֵן מְכַפְּרִין אֵלּוּ עַל אֵלּוּ, וְאִם עֲשִׂיתֶם כָּךְ אוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אֲנִי מִתְעַלֶּה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (עמוס ט, ו): הַבּוֹנֶה בַשָּׁמַיִם מַעֲלוֹתָו, וְאֵימָתַי הוּא מִתְעֲלֶה כְּשֶׁהֵן עֲשׂוּיִין אֲגֻדָּה אַחַת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (עמוס ט, ו): וַאֲגֻדָּתוֹ עַל אֶרֶץ יְסָדָהּ, לְפִיכָךְ משֶׁה מַזְהִיר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל: וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן.

"Another matter: 'The fruit of a pleasant [hadar] tree' – this is Israel; just as the citron has taste and has fragrance, so Israel has people among them who have Torah and have good deeds. 'Branches of date palms' – this is Israel; just as the date palm has taste but has no fragrance, so Israel has people among them who have Torah but do not have good deeds. 'A bough of a leafy tree' – this is Israel; just as the myrtle has fragrance but has no taste, so Israel has people among them who have good deeds but do not have Torah. 'Willows of the brook' – this is Israel; just as the willow has no taste and has no fragrance, so Israel has people among them who do not have Torah and do not have good deeds. What does the Holy One blessed be He do to them? To eradicate them is not possible. Rather, the Holy One blessed be He said: 'Let them all be bound together in a single bundle and they will atone for one another. If you do so, at that moment, I will be ascendant [mitaleh].' That is what is written: 'Who built His upper chamber [maalotav] in the heavens” (Amos 9:6). When is He ascendant? When they are made into a single group, as it is stated: 'And established His group upon earth' (Amos 9:6). Therefore, Moses exhorts Israel and says to them: 'You shall take for you on the first day.'” - Vayikra Rabbah 30:12

Description:

Here we have Doeg with a date palm lulav based on the interpretation that the lulav (date palm) represents people rich in Torah but poor in good deeds.

Date Finished:

October 3, 2026

Tanakh

בַּסֻּכֹּ֥ת תֵּשְׁב֖וּ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים כׇּל־הָֽאֶזְרָח֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יֵשְׁב֖וּ בַּסֻּכֹּֽת׃ 

"—in huts you are to stay for seven days, every native in Israel is to stay in huts—" - Emor, Vayikra (Leviticus) 23:42

Talmud, Midrash, and Commentary

תִּיבוּ תִּיבוּ אוּשְׁפִּיזִין עִילָאִין, תִּיבוּ תִּיבוּ אוּשְׁפִּיזִין קַדִּישִׁין, תִּיבוּ תִּיבוּ אוּשְׁפִּיזִין דִמְהֵימְנוּתָא, זַכָּאָה חוּלְקֵיהון דְיִשרָאֵל דִּכְתִיב כִּי חֵלֶק ה' עַמּו יַעֲקב חֶבֶל נַחֲלָתו:  

"Sit, sit, [you] lofty guests; sit, sit [you] holy guests; sit, sit [you] guests of faith. Worthy is Israel's portion, as it is written (Deuteronomy 32:9), "For the Lord’s portion is His people, Jacob His allotment." - Siddur Ashkenaz Festivals, Sukkot, Prayers in the Sukkah, Ushpizin 1-3

הַשְׁכִּיבֵנוּ אָבִינוּ לְשָׁלוֹם, וְהַעֲמִידֵנוּ מַלְכֵּנוּ לְחַיִּים טוֹבִים וּלְשָׁלוֹם, וּפְרֹשׂ עָלֵינוּ סֻכַּת שְׁלוֹמֶךָ, וְתַקְּנֵנוּ מַלְכֵּנוּ בְּעֵצָה טוֹבָה מִלְּפָנֶיךָ

"Lay us down, our Father, in peace, & raise us up, our King, for a good life & peace. And spread upon us the shelter of Your peace, & fix us, our King, with good advice before You." - Siddur Edot HaMizrach, Shabbat Arvit, The Shema 12 

[יא] וכן עזרא אומר (נחמיה ח טו): "ואשר ישמיעו ויעבירו קול בכל עריהם ובירושלם לאמר צאו ההר והביאו עלי זית ועלי עץ שמן ועלי הדס ועלי תמרים ועלי עץ עבת לעשת סכת ככתוב" "למען ידעו דורותיכם כי בסוכות הושבתי את בני ישראל בהוציאי אותם מארץ מצרים": ר' אליעזר אומר סוכות ממש היו. ר' עקיבא אומר, ענני כבוד היו. "בהוציאי אותם מארץ מצרים" – מלמד שאף הסוכה זכר ליציאת מצרים. 

"11) And thus does Ezra say (Nechemiah 8:15) "and that they must announce and proclaim throughout all their cities and Jerusalem, saying: Go out to the mountains and bring olive leaves, and olive-tree leaves and hadas leaves, and date-palm leaves, and plaited-tree leaves to make succoth, as it is written" (Vayikra 23:43) "So that your generations know that I caused the children of Israel to dwell in succoth when I took them out of the land of Egypt." R. Eliezer says that they were booths, literally; R. Akiva says that they were clouds of glory. "when I took them out of the land of Egypt." We are hereby taught that even the succah is a reminder of the exodus from Egypt." - Sifra Emor 17:11

וּמַאי הִיא? — דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיָּבֹא אֶל גִּדְרוֹת הַצֹּאן עַל הַדֶּרֶךְ וְשָׁם מְעָרָה וַיָּבֹא שָׁאוּל לְהָסֵךְ אֶת רַגְלָיו״. תָּנָא: גָּדֵר לִפְנִים מִן גָּדֵר, וּמְעָרָה לִפְנִים מִמְּעָרָה לְהָסֵךְ. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: מְלַמֵּד שֶׁסִּיכֵּךְ עַצְמוֹ כְּסוּכָּה.

"And what is this modesty? As it is written: “And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where there was a cave, and Saul went in to cover his feet, to defecate. Now David and his men were sitting in the innermost parts of the cave” (I Samuel 24:3). It was taught that the Sages said: There was a fence within a fence, and a cave within a cave, and Saul entered to defecate in the interest of modesty. With regard to the use of the term, to cover his feet, Rabbi Elazar said: This teaches that, even there, he covered himself with his garment like a sukka." - Berakhot 62b:9

Description:

Here is the lighter half of Shaul in the sukkah. When I read the passage from Berakhot 62b:9, I thought it said that Shaul built himself a sukkah just to go to the bathroom in the cave (which will become a future comic idea). As a result, I wanted to draw him in an actual sukkah. One thing Shaul was noted for was his generosity to others, and I wanted to showcase that with an open sukkah and a golem protector.

Date Finished:

October 8, 2025

Tanakh

וְשָׂנֵ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים כִּ֣י רַ֤ע עָלַי֙ הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ כִּֽי־הַכֹּ֥ל הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃ 

"And so I loathed life. For I was distressed by all that goes on under the sun, because everything is futile and pursuit of wind." - Kohelet (Ecclesiastes) 2:17; 1985 JPS translation

אֶת־הַכֹּ֥ל רָאִ֖יתִי בִּימֵ֣י הֶבְלִ֑י יֵ֤שׁ צַדִּיק֙ אֹבֵ֣ד בְּצִדְק֔וֹ וְיֵ֣שׁ רָשָׁ֔ע מַאֲרִ֖יךְ בְּרָעָתֽוֹ׃ 

אַל־תְּהִ֤י צַדִּיק֙ הַרְבֵּ֔ה וְאַל־תִּתְחַכַּ֖ם יוֹתֵ֑ר לָ֖מָּה תִּשּׁוֹמֵֽם׃ 

"In my own brief span of life, I have seen both these things: sometimes a good man perishes in spite of his goodness, and sometimes a wicked one endures in spite of his wickedness. 

So don’t overdo goodness and don’t act the wise man to excess, or you may be dumfounded." - Kohelet (Ecclesiastes) 7:15

Talmud, Midrash, and Commentary

אַל תְּהִי צַדִּיק הַרְבֵּה וְאַל תִּתְחַכֵּם יוֹתֵר, אַל תְּהִי צַדִּיק הַרְבֵּה יוֹתֵר מִבּוֹרַאֲךָ, מְדַבֵּר בְּשָׁאוּל, דִּכְתִיב (שמואל א טו, ה): וַיָּבֹא שָׁאוּל עַד עִיר עֲמָלֵק וגו', רַבִּי הוּנָא וְרַבִּי בְּנָיָה אוֹמֵר הִתְחִיל מִדַּיֵּן הוּא כְּנֶגֶד בּוֹרְאוֹ, וְאָמַר כָּךְ אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: לֵךְ וְהִכִּיתָ אֶת עֲמָלֵק, אִם אֲנָשִׁים חָטְאוּ הַנָּשִׁים מֶה חָטְאוּ, וְהַטַּף מֶה חָטְאוּ, וְהַבָּקָר וְשׁוֹר וַחֲמוֹר מֶה חָטְאוּ. יָצָאת בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה: אַל תְּהִי צַדִּיק הַרְבֵּה, יוֹתֵר מִבּוֹרַאֲךָ. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי הִתְחִיל מִדַּיֵּן כְּנֶגֶד עֶגְלָה עֲרוּפָה, וְאוֹמֵר, אָמַר הַכָּתוּב (דברים כא, ד): וְעָרְפוּ שָׁם אֶת הָעֶגְלָה בַּנָּחַל, הוּא הוֹרֵג וְהִיא נֶעֱרֶפֶת, אִם אָדָם חָטָא בְּהֵמָה מֶה חָטְאָה, יָצְאָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה: אַל תְּהִי צַדִּיק הַרְבֵּה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אוֹמֵר, כָּל מִי שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה רַחְמָן בֵּמְקוֹם אַכְזָרִי, סוֹף שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה אַכְזָרִי בִּמְקוֹם רַחֲמָן, וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה אַכְזָרִי בִּמְקוֹם רַחְמָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א כב, יט): וְאֶת נֹב עִיר הַכֹּהֲנִים הִכָּה לְפִי חֶרֶב, וְלֹא תְהֵא נֹב כְּזַרְעוֹ שֶׁל עֲמָלֵק. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרִין כָּל מִי שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה רַחְמָן בִּמְקוֹם אַכְזָרִי סוֹף שֶׁמִּדַּת הַדִּין פּוֹגַעַת בּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א לא, ו): וַיָּמָת שָׁאוּל וּשְׁלשֶׁת בָּנָיו.  

“Do not be overly righteous, and do not be exceedingly wise; why should you be be destroyed?” (Ecclesiastes 7:16)

“Do not be overly righteous, and do not be exceedingly wise.” “Do not be overly righteous” – more [righteous] than your Creator; this is a reference to Saul, as it is written: “Saul came to the city of Amalek [and lay in wait [vayarev] in the valley]” (I Samuel 15:5). Rabbi Huna and Rabbi Benaya say: He began deliberating against his Creator. He said: So said the Holy One blessed be He: “Go and smite Amalek…[put to death both men and women, infant and suckling babes, ox and sheep, camel and donkey” (I Samuel 15:3); if the men sinned, what sin did the women commit? What sin did the children commit? What sin did the cattle, the ox, and the donkey commit? A Divine Voice emerged and said: “Do not be overly righteous;” [do not be] more [righteous] than your Creator.

The Rabbis say: He began to deliberate regarding the beheaded calf and say: The verse said: “They shall behead the calf there in the valley” (Deuteronomy 21:4); he kills and it is beheaded? If a person sinned, what sin did the animal commit? A Divine Voice emerged and said: “Do not be overly righteous.”

Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish says: Anyone who becomes compassionate when he should be cruel will ultimately become cruel when he should be compassionate, as it is stated: “And Nov, the city of priests, he smote by sword” (I Samuel 22:19). Should Nov not be like descendants of Amalek? The Rabbis say: Anyone who becomes compassionate when he should be cruel, ultimately, the attribute of justice will harm him, as it is stated: “Saul and his three sons died” (I Samuel 31:6)." - Kohelet (Ecclesiastes) Rabbah 7:16:1

Description:

Here I wanted to contemplate the darker side of the Sukkot holiday. During the middle of Sukkot, we read about a war involving Magog and Gog as well as the Megillah of Kohelet, which concludes with cynical observations on humanity as well as reminding us how the world continues to turn. 

Sometimes, during the High Holidays, I get stuck in my own head, and that feeling doesn't necessarily disappear during Sukkot. I wanted to show that here with an aged Shaul lost in thought as he remembers the golem's protection under his sukkah.

Date Finished:

October 8, 2025