WORD SOUNDS
WORD SOUNDS
Embedded Files
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It occurs I can break catatonic focus.
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You two weren't through, oops.
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Oh freddled gruntbuggly, Thy micturations are to me, As plurdled gabbleblotchits on a lurgid bee.
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ding-dong, smack, thwap, kaboom, plop, bang - meow.
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WORD POSITIONS
Blahblahblah Epizeuxis repeat the word
Blah, blah, blah
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Andand Anaphora is repeat a word(s) at the beginning of phrases
You're a boor, and a fop, and a dandy, and a popinjay, and a ninny.
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Endend Epistrophe is repeating the same word(s) at the end
If you had known the purpose of words, You would have thought up new words
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This should be the end. End this silliness now!
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You can fool yourself, but I'm no fool.
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Andendadend Symploce Andand plus Endend
And our elaborate plans, the end, And everything that stands, the end
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Prestonasis Beginend repeats the same word(s) at the beginning and end.[7]
Nothin from nothing leaves nothin, You gotta have somethin' Ya wanna be with you.
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Represtonasis (Datdatsomdat) Diacope repeat after an intervening word or clause.
Dead! If that doesn't make you smile, you're Dead!
WORD RELATIONS
deliberate connections between words within a sentence.
Disdis Antanaclasis the same word different meaning. See polysemy.
If you dis me, you can kiss dis
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Amoreroma Antimetabole involves repeating but reversing
If you make it simple, then simple it is made
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Disisdat Chiasmus grammar is inverted without repeating words
God! He suddenly realized he was thinking his reflection was revelatory. Damn! (Beltran -STTB)
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Isyesisno Antithesis opposite ideas achieve a contrasting effect. similar structures.
...two kinds of people, some divide into kinds, some see only kind (Beltran - WTLB)
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Remor Asyndeton is the removal of conjunctions like “or,” “and,” or “but”
the unbelievable indifference shown Life Spirit The future Anything green Anything just (Cockburn YNSE)
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Addor Polysyndeton more conjunctions than strictly needed.
I've been up and down and over and out (Sinatra - TL)
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Getsbig Auxesis from least to most significant. This can create climax.
Baby take off your coat Take off your shoes Baby, take off your dress Leave your hat on. (Newman YCLYHO)
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Getsmall Catacosmesis, arranging them from most to least significant.[16]
He has seen the ravages of war, he has known natural catastrophes, he has been to singles bars. (Woody Allen)
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Opajoke An oxymoron is a 2-word paradox deliberate use of antonyms.
Seriously funny
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Verbentu Zeugma linking of two or more words he same position in a sentence to another word
He caught the train and a bad cold.
Fred excelled at sports; Harvey at eating; Tom with girls.
IDEA (discourse )
relations of phrases are introduced or emphasized relate to previous arguments
IDEA (discourse )
relations of phrases are introduced or emphasized relate to previous arguments
Inosay - Apophasis Paralipsis occupatio, praeteritio, preterition, or parasiopesis Denying these are your words / your position:
"I not gonna say this , but..."
.Donald Trump, frequently uses this to attack political opponents.[22][23]
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Amplification involves repeating a word or expression while adding more detail, to emphasise what might otherwise be passed over.[14] This allows one to call attention to and expand a point to ensure the reader realizes its importance or centrality in the discussion.
But this revolting boy, of course,Was so unutterably vile,So greedy, foul, and infantileHe left a most disgusting tasteInside our mouths… (Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory)
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Pleonasm more words than necessary can introduce additional meaning.[19]
I heard it with my own ears.
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Antanagoge involves ‘placing a good point or benefit next to a fault criticism, or problem in order to reduce the impact or significance of the negative point’.[6]
Within the infant rind of this weak flowerPoison hath residence, and medicine power. (R&J 2.3)[20]
One scenario involves a situation when one is unable to respond to a negative point and chooses instead to introduce another point to reduce the accusation's significance.
We may be managing the situation poorly, but so did you at first.
Antanagoge can also be used to positively interpret a negative situation:
When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.[5]
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Aporia[edit]
Aporia is the rhetorical expression of doubt.[6] The most famous example of this is undoubtedly Hamlet's soliloquy, which begins:
To be or not to be, that is the question. (Hamlet 3.1)
Another example is in Antony's famous speech at Caesar's funeral, which includes examples such as:
Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. (Julius Caesar 3.2)
When the rhetorical question posed is answered, this is also an instance of hypophora.
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Rejecting an argument through ridiculous comparison.[24]
This involves setting up an opposing position to ridicule without offering a counterargument,[1] such as:
You believe we should vote for him? I’ve got a bridge to sell you.
No reason for why one should not vote for him is given. It is merely implied that it would be gullible to do so.
Syllogism which omits either one of the premises or the conclusion. The omitted part must be clearly understood by the reader. Sometimes this depends on contextual knowledge.
Mark’d ye his words? He would not take the crown;Therefore ‘tis certain he was not ambitious. (Julius Caesar 3.2; the premise implied is that no ambitious person would refuse the crown)
They say it takes hundreds of years to build a nation.Welcome to Singapore. (Singapore Tourism Board campaign; to arrive at the omitted conclusion that Singapore is exceptional, the visitor must know that Singapore has but a short history of 50-odd years as an independent nation)
Hyperbole is deliberate exaggeration.[6] This can be for literary effect:
The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars,As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heavenWould through the airy region stream so brightThat birds would sing and think it were not night (R&J 2.2)
His face was as the heavens...His legs bestrid the ocean: his rear'd armCrested the world... realms and islands wereAs plates dropp'd from his pocket. (A&C 5.2)
Or for argumentative effect:
Her election to Parliament would be the worst thing to ever happen to this country! [1]
The use of hypophora is the technique whereby one asks a question and then proceeds to answer the question. This device is one of the most useful strategies in writing essays to inform or persuade a reader.[14]
Can honour set to a leg? No. Or an arm? No. Or take away the grief of a wound? No. Honour hath no skill in surgery, then? No. What is honour? A word. What is in that word honour? What is that honour? Air. A trim reckoning! Who hath it? He that died a' Wednesday. Doth he feel it? No. Doth he hear it? No. 'Tis insensible, then? Yea, to the dead. But will it not live with the living? No. Why? Detraction will not suffer it. (1H4 5.1)
This device indirectly implies an accusation without explicitly stating it.[1] This can be combined with apophasis.
I know you aren’t an alcoholic, but I did notice you’ve replaced all the bottles in your liquor cabinet.
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Metanoia qualifies a statement or by recalling or rejecting it in part or full, and then re-expressing it in a better, milder, or stronger way.[6][7] A negative is often used to do the recalling.
All faults that may be named, nay, that hell knows… (Cymbeline 2.4)
He was the best of men - no, of all humanity.
By anticipating and answering a possible objection, procatalepsis allows an argument to continue while rebutting points opposing it. It is a relative of hypophora. Procatalepsis can be used strategically to show that concerns have been thought through.[14]
‘All right!’ you’ll cry. ‘All right!’ you’ll say,‘But if we take the set away,What shall we do to entertainOur darling children? Please explain!’We’ll answer this by asking you,‘What used the darling ones to do?How used they keep themselves contentedBefore this monster was invented?’ (Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory)
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Understatement, or meiosis, involves deliberately understating the importance, significance or magnitude of a subject. This means the force of the description is less than what is expected, thus highlighting the irony or extreme nature of an event.[14]
The war situation has developed not necessarily to Japan's advantage. (The Jewel Voice Broadcast)
BENVOLIO: What, art thou hurt?MERCUTIO: Ay, ay, a scratch, a scratch. (R&J 3.1; Mercutio dies of his wounds shortly after.)
The captain's announcement onboard British Airways Flight 9 has been described as ‘a masterpiece of understatement’:[25]
Ladies and gentlemen, this is your captain speaking. We have a small problem. All four engines have stopped. We are doing our damnedest to get them going again. I trust you are not in too much distress.[26]
A subtype of understatement is litotes, which uses negation:
Heatwaves are not rare in the summer.
Huh? It's all Greek to me.
Huh? It's all Greek to me.
The proper words describing rhetorical devices are - one might we say - a little different. Not that there's anything wrong with that. But words like Zeugma, Pleonasm, and Enthymeme are, mmm... silly. In my neck 'a the woods it don't roll off 'a the tongues 'a folk. So if someone says a bunch of words that repeat a first letter - lovely lost little lamb - I'm gonna call that a replet. (REPeating LETter... right?). "Replet" and any of the other silly names used on the site - I made up. I'm not sure if you're allowed to do that kind of thing where words are concerned, but I'm not a rhetoritician. They call still call lovely lost little lamb alliteration." I'm better with sensible silly names. They are easier to remember (for me) and... well, it's my website.
Some rhetoricians will be annoyed. They are generally picky about language. Especially when it comes to changing it. They've already made a big investment in their silly words. The other rhetors will send flowers. How about you? I think I'll lots of flowers. But why pick on rhetoricians, you might ask. Well, for one... there are no such persons. They've called themselves 'rhetors' for some reason. (A sense of who rhetors are might begin to emerge). Let me share my thoughts... perhaps - just perhaps - rhetors enjoy being exclusive and obscure? Or, silly me, perhaps you use words like Zeugma, Pleonasm, and Enthymeme as often as you read or hear the 'devices' they name. Which is every day... in everyone's neck 'a the woods. Really important and simple things that you can understand with your common sense should have simple names. Maybe I misunderstand the function of language? Straighten me out here. Perhaps, rhetors will suggest I maintain my "poise," and it's easy for anyone to pick up an essential understanding of this topic from Shakespearean examples we naturally understand. What? We didn't get much of the classics during our carefully watered down bordomlabotomanesthetized edamacations? That is sad and not your fault, I won't be the one to say it, but - that is sad and not your fault. I will be the one to say that the rhetors apparently think our lack of a classic education is their excuse for ignoring their obligations to share expertise, precious jewels, yea -infinite wisdom - with the lesser of us mortals. That' not logical.
Ah... but hark - soft dawn, in self same mirror, or now tis seen, the "I," - that sad harbinger of sorrow - now dwells unwitting... 'roun realms of vox populi land and proudly bequeath unpretentious remorse.
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