Mathematics

Mathematics is essential across all areas of the curriculum. Providing strategic supports and scaffolds for Math skills can help improve academic proficiency in the different content areas.

Number Sense & Operations

Number Sense and Operations involve understanding numbers, ways of representing them, and the relationships between those numbers. This includes the ability to perform arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) with efficiency and accuracy, as well as to estimate and interpret results in real-world contexts.

A strong foundation in number sense allows students to develop logical reasoning, identify numerical patterns and approach problem-solving with confidence. By recognizing how different number forms and operations connect (e.g., fractions, decimals, integers), students can build flexibility in thinking about quantity, magnitude and relationships skills that underpin many other areas of mathematics and practical applications in everyday life.

Algebraic Reasoning

Algebraic Reasoning focuses on using symbols, expressions and equations to represent relationships among quantities. It provides a framework for analyzing patterns, generalizing from specific cases and solving problems systematically. This reasoning extends from basic variable manipulation to more complex concepts (e.g., systems of equations, functions and polynomial expressions).

By engaging in algebraic thinking, students learn to describe real-world situations mathematically, predict outcomes and justify their reasoning. Mastery of algebraic concepts underlies key problem-solving strategies in mathematics and science, supporting advanced studies in areas (e.g., engineering, data analysis and computational fields) where abstract thinking and modeling are crucial.

Measurement

Measurement deals with determining the size, length, amount or capacity of objects or phenomena, often using standardized units (e.g., inches, meters, liters, or seconds). This area involves concepts of precision, accuracy and the relationships between units (e.g., metric vs. customary), as well as real-life tasks (e.g.,  measuring time, distance, area, volume or weight).

Through measurement, students learn to quantify observations and validate results, ensuring that processes or comparisons are reliable. Whether it’s in designing experiments, building prototypes or comparing data sets, measurement skills allow for consistent evaluation and communication of findings, bridging the gap between theoretical math and hands-on practice.

Geometric Reasoning

Geometric Reasoning explores shapes, spatial relationships, and properties of angles, lines, surfaces and solids. It involves visualizing and analyzing two- and three-dimensional figures, understanding how changes in shape or orientation affect dimensions and recognizing patterns related to symmetry, transformations and coordinates.

With geometric thinking, students can tackle tasks ranging from interpreting maps or blueprints to designing structures and graphics. This reasoning is instrumental in fields (e.g., architecture, engineering, computer graphics and robotics) where visualizing and manipulating shapes is essential. Ultimately, geometric reasoning helps students grasp how mathematical concepts translate into physical space and design.

Data Analysis & Probability

Data Analysis & Probability encompasses collecting, organizing, interpreting and drawing conclusions from data, as well as assessing the likelihood of different outcomes. These skills enable students to make informed decisions based on evidence, identify trends and anomalies and understand risk or uncertainty in various contexts.

By examining patterns in data sets and applying statistical methods or probability models, students can predict events, test hypotheses and communicate conclusions effectively. This area is vital not only for academic pursuits (e.g., scientific research or market analysis) but also for everyday reasoning to evaluate survey results or understand the odds in real-life scenarios.