Through my observations, I found differences in the student-centered approach between the Philippines and Indonesia. In the Philippines, it is the students who read the PowerPoint slides. I believe this is done to increase active participation and interaction in learning, so students are not passive and only listen to the teacher's explanation. Whereas, in Indonesia, the implementation of student-centered lies in project and problem-based learning.
There is another difference in teaching culture. The activities done to open the lesson in the Philippines start with an icebreaker or energizer related to the topic of the day's lesson. In Indonesia, we usually do ice breaking to attract students' attention and focus. However, in the Philippines, after reviewing the previous lesson, the teacher does motivation or 'pagganyak'. Students will do a prefix activity to start the learning, usually like a word puzzle, word cloud, and so on.
The teacher also always asks if the students are still focused on following the learning or if the students have understood the explanation by the teacher.
That picture was my first day and also my first observation too! Actually, my first and last... because almost two weeks, there was several typhoons that coming in Philippines.
In particular, the learning resources utilized are derived from textbooks. Social studies subjects in grade 8 use a book entitled 'Araling Panlipunan Kasaysayan ng Daigdig' as the main reference for learning. In addition to the textbook, teachers or CTE students use PowerPoint slides for audiovisual media.
Students' understanding is assessed through true and false questions, multiple choice questions, essays, and so on. As I saw during the observation, students did the quiz on a sheet of paper with the questions shown through the projector. Then, the papers were collected together. I learned one word for it, 'pasa' which means, students have to collect their answer papers to the front.