Train your students first!
What Productive Talk Looks Like in Elementary Grades
Model for students what you expect
Have your students come up w/ideas for what makes a successful pair-share or group (see this article: Turning Around a Turn and Talk)
Decide how to take turns
Ask a question that requires some thought. Examples:
Partner A, tell your partner about one thing you remember about the character we met yesterday (or landform, adding numbers, parts of a flower, etc.). Time's up. Partner B, tell your partner a second thing you remember about the character.
Tell your partner the strategy you used to figure out today's math problem.
Why do you think the character said that?
Yesterday we learned about nouns. Come up with 6 nouns, write them down, take turns writing. Be ready to share your list with another pair.
Other helpful hints
Time students as they share, and usually, make it short!
Listen in to see if what they say (formative). You can't hear all pairs, so strategically pick a couple.
Make them accountable (they write something, they draw something, they take turns talking, they share w/whole class in some way)
Pair Share or Turn & Talk can be used in your intro, your lesson body, and/or in your lesson closing. It is good for review, for puzzling over something learned during the lesson, making predictions, figuring out the meaning of a new word using context clues, or making connections between content and their own life.
Teacher Toolkit Partner Practice Video examples of different strategies for partner work.
Turn and Talk older students
Turn and Talk young students
Using the Think-Pair-Share Technique
14 ESL Pair Work Speaking Activities That Get Students Psyched (good for SL too)
Turning Around a Turn and Talk (Pair Share) "Is there any real communication going on? Are students understanding what their partners are saying? Do they even care? This year I decided to take a different approach to a turn-and-talk. I still loved its simple format, but I wanted a more authentic conversation to happen between students, so I'm trying to "turn around" a turn-and-talk so the focus is not on the talking, but on the understanding."
Creative Ways to Partner Students
Oracy in the Classroom: Strategies for Effective Talk - this one has alternatives to pair-share, turn & talk
Edutopia's Student Engagement Resource Roundup Lots of ideas & links here!
Making Cooperative Learning Work Better Great survey of what goes into successful group/collaborative work, and where it can go wrong. Resources too. From Jennifer Gonzalez, always a great resource.
Laura Candler's Cooperative Learning Resources Ideas, tips, downloadables
Surviving Group Work: Essential Student Collaboration Strategies for the Diverse Classroom Videos from various grade levels and EL levels. Don't be afraid to watch the high school one, many techniques can apply to upper grade students! Lots of good basic ideas, how to design & structure interactions and planning to increase student engagement.
Using the Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Technique "In this strategy guide, you will learn how to organize students and texts to allow for learning that meets the diverse needs of students but keeps student groups flexible."
Facing History Teaching Strategies One example, Assigning Roles for Group Work
Give Every Student a Stake in Group Work Video, ideas and downloads to help make group work truly collaborative, including using tech...instead of administrative roles (timekeeper), all Ss "own, assist, assess." (video below)
Teacher Toolkit Group Practice Video examples of different strategies for group work.
The Big List of Classroom Discussion Strategies via Jennifer Gonzalez
Plus, here are some online discussion links:
Practical Tips for Teaching Online Small Group Discussions