Antonio Francesco Gramsci
Who Was Gramsci?
Gramsci (1891 - 1937) was most notably the founding member of the Communist Party of Italy, which led to him being imprisoned under Moussolini's regime. Gramsci was a prolific writer on political matters where he developed Marx's ideas via the study of other thinkers and observations of the world around him. He's most remembered for his ideas of cultural hegemony wherein ideology is embedded and taught as rules and rituals that develop into the practices of people who are ingrained with those value systems, beliefs and worldviews.
Cultural Hegemony
Cultural hegemony is the dominance or rule of the ruling class over others through ideological or cultural means. This involves using social institutes, such as a school, to strongly influence the dominant values, norms, ideas, expectations, worldviews, and behaviours of a society. This is achieved by persuading society that the worldview of the ruling class and the structures that keep them in place is just, legitimate, and beneficial for everyone even if they only help those in power.
Put simply: This is control of society by instilling ideas and values through social institutions rather than control through more aggressive means, such as force.