Research Proposal PORTFOLIO
"Ensuring Good Governance Through People’s Participation in Local Government : Case of Two Union Parishads in Trishal Upazilla"
Tanjil Ahmed
Ensuring Good Governance Through People’s Participation in Local Government Case of Two Union Parishads in Trishal Upazilla
1. Introduction
As a developing country, Bangladesh has already achieved the status of fastest-growing economy because of exercising democracy and good-governance at every level. It is well known that, sustainable development of any country essentially depend on its governing system. During 1990s and onward Bangladesh has notably improved human development indicators as well as good-governance issues. The constitution of Bangladesh explicitly state that, State shall effort to ensure equality of opportunity to all citizen and shall adopt effective measures to remove social and economic inequality to ensure equitable distribution of wealth and opportunities among citizens in order to attain a constant level of sustainable development throughout the Republic (Salahuddin, 2006). In this respect, good governance is the most concerning issues which means ideal governing system that symbolizes the paradigm shift of the role of governments. Merely say that ‘good governance is essential for successful development’. Principally, Good-governance is about processes, not about ends. However, by which power is exercised without explicitly stating the ends being sought is called Good-Governance (Adel A. M., 20-31 May 2003). There are some of indicators of good-governance, namely-accountability, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, participation, rule of law, and equity which safeguards that political, social and economic priorities are based on broad accord in society and that the voices of the poorest and the most vulnerable are heard in decision-making over the allocation of development resources. Among the indicators of good governance, participation is one of the most important signs which certify the people’s participation in government decision making process. Broadly, in a given context, participation is accurately connected with politics which refers to people’s engagement in the decision making process in implementing their sharing in the benefits of development programs, and their involvement in effort to assess such programs (M.J & Uphoff, 1979). In this aspect, local government plays a vital role for exercising democracy and good governance through people’s participation. Conversely, local government is an administrative body as well as the sub system of central government which main purpose is to provide services locally within a certain territory. There are three tier of rural local government. Union Parishad is the lowest tier of rural local government. A Union Parishad is composed of nine wards, where one elected chairman acted as political representative for one Union Parishad and, nine elected members for nine wards and 3 nominated female members for nine wards (one female nominated members for three wards). However, Union Parishad is the most important democratic institutions of grassroots level which purely ensuring good governance through the people’s participation in using voting system. This Study will focus on the people’s participation in local government in Bangladesh, specifically, how such participation does contribute at Union Parishad level to ensure good governance in Bangladesh.
2. Objectives of the Study
The broad objective of this study is to ensure Good Governance through people’s participation in local government in Bangladesh.
The specific objectives are:
a) to identify avenues of people’s participation in two selected Union Parishads
b) to examine the extent of people’s participation at Union Parishad level
c) to recommend ways for overcoming aforesaid challenges and ensuring good governance in local government institutions in Bangladesh.
3. Research Methodology
For any research, it is essential to define the process involved in designing a study and to validate how the specific research design that a researcher decides to use helps to arrangement the collection, analysis and interpretation of data (D. Nachmias & Naachmias, 1997). As the aim of this study is to ensuring Good Governance through people’s participation in local government in Bangladesh from the Union Parishad level. This research will be exploratory in nature while mixed method approach will be employed which incorporates both qualitative and quantitative tools. The qualitative approach seeks build a detail and deep analysis of the empirical situation and at the same time, quantitative approach (survey) will be used to draw the gross view of current scenario based on people’s perception regarding the research topic. Following part sums up the tools and methods to be used in the research:
4. Sampling and Analysis Plan:
A totality of 100 respondents will be selected from the inhabitants of two specific Union Parishads (Trishal and Osmanpur Union) of Trishal Upazilla and Kuliarchar Upazila. Collected data will be organized characteristically and the coding activities will be done manually. Prepared data will be analyzed statistically with data analysis software ‘MS Excel’ and ‘Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)’ and will be presented in the report accordingly. In the whole research process, ethical ground and confidentiality will be maintained strictly.
Sampling plan for the research is as follows:
5. Review of Literature
After the second half of 1980s, the issues of governance and good governance has been evolving at the vanguard of the global agenda for progress. In recent times, Quality of governance is being measured as the key prerequisite for solving many problems and for the socio- economic development in the lower middle economic countries like Bangladesh (Hasan Nazmul Md., 2018). Participation is one of the most important pre-requisite for ensuring good-governance. In Bangladesh, there are numbers of studies is conducted on prospect of Good-governance. Some of these Relevant Literatures are conversing here.
D.M. Nath, (2004) elucidates, the term Good-governance. He argued, Good governance is considered as the strong civil society participation, open and enlighten policy making, practice of rule of law, accountability and transparency where bureaucracy saturated with a professional ethos (D.M. & Nath, 2004).
Ananga Mohan Roy explains, Prospects of Good Governance in Bangladesh in his critical study. He illustrates, all actors of politics who is internal or external, administration and development are accentuating the need for good governance. The socio-economic development of Bangladesh is largely rest on the issues of good governance (Ananga, 2018).
March, J.G. and Olsen, J.P illustrate the term Good Governance. They argued, the application of economic, political, administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels is called good governance which incorporates mechanisms, procedure and institutes with a view to ensuring citizen’s interests, legal rights and legal obligations (March, 1995).
Pranab Kumar Panday, in his editorial named “Good Governance and Development from Bangladesh Perspective” argued that Bangladesh has made a tremendous success in economic as well as social development which has been possible through the active and spirited decision of the government as well as practice of good-governance in social, political, and economic sectors. He also added that, the existence of several elements like rule of law, accountability, transparency, democracy, people’s participation etc. are manifested in Bangladesh through the exercise of good governance process that determine the collective development of the nation (Pranab, 2017).
Mohammed Asaduzzaman articulates in his study named, “Governance in Practice: Decentralization and People’s Participation in the Local Development of Bangladesh” that, Two of the major policy concerns regarding governance and good governance are decentralized local governance and people’s participation. He argued that, political education and training, people’s participation, equal and efficient distribution of resources, trustworthy relationship among various actors of central and local governance and ensuring responsiveness of the central governance for citizen’s demand and priorities are ensured by decentralization. He further added that, poor governance and weak institutions have constitute substantial constrains on administrative, economic and political development since the independence of Bangladesh. Hereafter, decentralization and people’s participation have been political loftiness of almost all consecutive regimes in Bangladesh (Mohammed, 2008).
Shah Satnam and Sirsa enunciate about peoples’ participation in good governance on their studies. They focused on democracy as well as people’s participation for enchanting good governance. They argued, people participation is a key keystone of good governance. It tells about democracy where people can be empowered to demand and shape better policies, express grievances, seek justice and hold government to account. To attain development, good governance is indispensable because equitable and sustainable development required always factual participatory democracy. They further argued, the quality of decisions and citizen compliance with policies enhanced by people’s participation through public debates, newspaper editorials, protest demonstrations and their active involvement in governmental programmes (Sirsa, 2015).
While these studies concentrated on the overall aspect of Good Governance and People’s participation, there are clearly lack of studies to provide any model to explain as what factors contribute to enhance the sustained level of Good governance through people’s participation in Local Government. There is an urgent need to develop a model for ensuring Good-governance. Moreover, in Bangladesh no studies have previously focused any forms of ensuring Good governance through people’s participation in local government. Hence, this study focuses on the people’s participation at rural local government as well as Union level for identifying the avenues of people’s participation in Union Parishad level for ensuring Good governance.
6. Scope and the limitation of the study
The primary focus of this research is to enhance good governance through people’s participation in local government. The research will be conducted mainly on ensuring good-governance through People’s participation at rural local government namely Trishal Union Parishad and Boilar Union Parishad. The area of the study excludes the central government of Bangladesh namely Central administration. Moreover, this study will consider only people’s participation as well as people’s engagement in local government system (Union Parishad) for ensuring their opinion at decision making process. The general activates and problems of Union Parishad are not the targeted discussion issue here. Rather, this study will explore how the people’s participation ensuring good governance. However, people’s participation is not yet a latest issue in Bangladesh for ensuring good governance but people’s poor awareness, interest, education, and engagement may hinder the actual practice of good governance in Bangladesh. Moreover, the unavailable access to information also may create barrier while conducting the research. The budget is not sufficient to explore the largest area on this issue which has not been conducted yet in our country.
2. Ethical consideration
This study will be ethical. It will not hamper any individuals, any institutions, any organizations as well as social environment. It will be helpful to ensure the people’s participation in local government especially in Union Parishad level for ensuring good governance. Moreover, in this study, personal information, interviews and opinions of the participants will be hidden for ensuring participants sanctuary and protection.
8. Tentative Time Frame
9. References
Adel, A. M. (20-31 May 2003). Good Governance and Its Relationship to Democracy and Economic Development. Seoul : United Nations Development Programme (UNDP.
Ananga, R. M. (2018). Prospects of Good Governance in Bangladesh: a critical study. World Vision Research Journal, 12; No-1, 67.
Bishop, G. D. (2002). Mapping Public participation in Policy Choices. Australian Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 61, pp.14-29.
Blair, H. (2000). Participation and Accountability at the Periphery: Democratic Local Governance in Six Countries. World Development , pp. 21-39.
D. Nachmias, & Naachmias, &. F. (1997). Research Methods in the Social Sciences (Fifth ed.). New York: Arnold.
D.M., & Nath. (2004). Guide lines for Good Governance. Guide lines for Good Governance (p. 25). Dhaka: CIRDAP,.
(1997). Good Governance and Sustainable Development. UNDP .
Hasan Nazmul Md., S. M. (2018). Good Governance in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects. UITS, 3, 23.
Joseph, H. (2016, August 12). The democracy deficit in Canada. Retrieved from http://www.atlas101.ca/pm/wp: http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~jheath/democracy
Kamal, S. (2014). Local Government in Bangladesh: A Short Introduction . In S. Kamal, Local Government in Bangladesh: Revised Third Edition (pp. P-4). Dhaka: The University Press Limited.
Landell-Mills, S. a. (1991). Governance and Development Process. Washington D. C.: Finance and Development.
M.J, G. A., & Uphoff, N. (1979). Feasibility and Application of Rural Development Participation: A State of the Art Paper. Ithaca: N.Y.: RDC, CIS, Cornell University.
March, J. a. (1995). Democratic Governance. World Vision Research Journal, 12; No-1, pp. 6.
Mohammad, K. M. (2009). LG in Bangladesh: Evolution, Reorganization and Central-local relations. In K. M. Mohammad, Decentralization in Bangladesh: Myth or Reality (pp. P-78). Dhaka: A H Development Publishing House.
Mohammed, A. (2008). Governance in Practice€; €decentralization and People's Participation in the Local Development of Bangladesh. Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1334, 15.
Pranab, P. K. (2017, October 31). Good Governance and Development from Bangladesh Perspective. Daily Sun.
Rose, N. (1999). Powers of Freedom: Reforming Political Thought. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Salahuddin, A. M. (2006). Governance and Development: Bangladesh and Regional Experiences (First Edition ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Shrabon Prokashani.
10. Financial Budget
The Reasons and Remedies of Sexual Harassment of Women in Bangladesh
Tanjil Ahmed
Sexual Harassment of Women in Trishal: Reasons and Remedies
1. Introduction
Now a day’s sexual harassment is a social curse in developing countries especially in Bangladesh. Women are not safe at any place. From the view point of discrimination, Sexual harassment is tranquil of three categories of behavior: gender harassment (verbal and nonverbal behaviors that carry aggression, objectification, rejection, or second-class status about members of one gender), unwanted sexual attention (verbal or physical unwelcome sexual advances, which can include assault), and sexual coercion (when favorable professional or educational treatment is conditioned on sexual activity). Harassing behavior can be either direct (targeted at an individual) or ambient (a general level of sexual harassment in an environment) (FF Benya, 2018) . On the other hand, unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual's employment, unreasoningly interferes with an individual's work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. However, the incident of violence against women, particularly rape, has increased significantly in the recent times comparing to that of the previous year. To overcome the current situation, it is necessary for ensuring speedy trial of the cases regarding the violence incidents, formulation of a separate act to prevent the rape and the sexual harassment without providing political shelter to the culprits. This is what this research undertakings to do.
2. Background of the study
In spite of being the members of the civilized society, we, most of the modern people are devoid of the core philosophy of moralism. Injustice and barbarism are on the triumph mood; moral ethics are rare to find out and so, exploitations and dominating attitudes have become the prime weapon to deteriorating the global peace-loving communities' harmonious life. Sexual harassment is a common phenomenon in recent world. And Bangladesh is not also excluded from this. It is a social disaster for our country; hence it is a social crime like all other crimes in Bangladesh Here, incident like sexual harassment has become a deep-rooted common phenomenon for more than a decade in Bangladesh. Lack of effective policy and legislative framework against the sexual harassment are the most visible common causes in Bangladesh and for that reason, a great number of innocent girls and women have become the easiest victim to the ill-mined honey seeker-the so-called opportunists. According to a recent study called " Freedom to Move: Women's experience of urban public transport in Bangladesh " conducted by Action Aid Bangladesh revealed that 84% of all women commuters surveyed said they were subjected to verbal and physical sexual harassment (Sexual Harassment Elimination and Prevention Policy, 2015).” Safe public transportation system, secure educational institution and working place are the precondition for women's freedom of movement and also to enjoying their right and using services without facing any kind of threat or sexual harassment. It is also essential that men need to stop seeing women as sexual objects and start seeing them as human beings. When a girl has been harassed, she is being morally policed by patriarchal values, is very common picture in our society that aims to restrict and control her human rights based on her gender and then, when she tries to report such harassment, society blames the victim with a bias that stems from internalized patriarchal values. Though manlike hypocrites are still found in disguised almost all the sections of our society, they are directly or indirectly manipulating them either in physically or in mentally with the weapon of savagery. Nevertheless, Sexual harassment is a tremendous crime in our society. In the context of current scenario, some measure should be taken to prevent the sexual harassment from our society as well as our country.
3. Objectives of the study
The broad objective of this study is to find out the reasons and remedies of sexual harassment against women in Bangladesh.
The specific objectives are
a) to analyze the existing situation of sexual harassment of women in Bangladesh.
b) to identify the factors that influence to do such heinous activities.
c) to evaluate how far women feel free in our society as well as country.
to make some suggestions for eradicating sexual harassment of women in Bangladesh
4. Research questions
A. What are the existing situation of sexual harassment of women in Bangladesh?
a) Does women face unsafe outside the home?
B. What are the factors that influence to do such heinous activities against women?
a) Does our cultural system support women employment?
b) Have any strict law against women violence?
C. How far does women feel free in our society as well as country?
a) Have any instant protection measure initiatives against women violence?
D. What are the suggestions for eradicating sexual harassment of women in Bangladesh?
a) Does our current women protection policy ensure women safety?
b) Does we need formal and academic ethical education to ensure women dignity?
5. Literature Review
Sexual harassment is an unwanted behavior which is conducted by men to women or men to men or women to women or women to men. Both men and women can be endangered to sexual harassment, but women are much more likely to be affected by it due to the unequal gender relations prevalent in many societies. In Bangladesh, women are the main victim of sexual harassment. Overwhelming majority of women, who are going outside from their home every day for education, work or for other needs, are being sexually harassed by men every day. Hundreds of women are raped and sexually assaulted every year. Incidents of sexual harassment are increasing day by day (Razidur, 2017). In Bangladesh, there are numbers of studies is directed on Sexual Harassment of Women. Some of these relevant literatures are summarizing here.
Further, Syed Saad Andaleeb, Simeen Mahmud, Fahmida Saadia Rahman studied on sexual harassment of women in public transport. They showed 35 per cent respondents using public transport faced sexual harassment from males belonging to the age group of 19-35 years. Around 59 per cent respondents faced such harassment from the males who are 26-40 years old. The forms of sexual harassment experienced by the respondents include deliberate touching of victim's body with chest and other parts of the body, pinching, standing too close to the victim and pushing, touching of hair of the victims, putting hand on their shoulder, touching private parts of the victims (Andaleeb Saad Syed, 2018).
Ahmed Najmul Hussain also delineated the scenario of Sexual Harassment of Women. In his study, he illustrated that, sexual harassment on road and public transport. Students and teachers informed on the issues of road safety and sexual harassment risk on road and it is needed to take steps to raise people’s capacity of preventing such incidents' (Andaleeb Saad Syed, 2018).
Another time F. Begum, R. N. Ali, M.A. Hossain, Sonia B. Shahid directed a study on Sexual harassment of women at working place. They argued that the main source of mental stress for female workers is sexual harassment at working environment. The occurrence of sexual harassment ranges from insults directed at a person’s gender, suggestive comments, or language, and demeaning remarks to unwelcome touching and grabbing and other physical assaults. These types of sexual harassment are not reported since female workers feel very shy to disclose any information on this subject. Moreover, unmarried workers were afraid of disclosing any information on sexual harassment since it decreases their marriage possibility. The survey showed that only 2 percent of female workers encountered with sexual harassment in the working place (F. Begum, 2010).
Moreover, Taqbir Huda conducted a survey on Law of Sexual Harassment. In his study he argued that in 2018 BNWLA along with eight other organizations jointly submitted a draft law titled Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act 2018 to the law ministry, which formalizes the 2009 guidelines and imposes a statutory obligation on all organizations to have Sexual Harassment Complaint Committees. This sexual harassment law has been magnified in the aftermath of Nusrat Jahan Rafi’s heinous murder, since many argued that it is precisely the lack of a Sexual Harassment Complaint Committee in the Sonargaon Madrasa (owing to absence of legislation mandating it) that impeded Nusrat’s ability to seek recourse against the accused principal which in turn prolonged her ordeal (Taqbir, 2019).
Rana Dutta exhibit a study under the title of “Sexual Harassment: Enough is enough”. In his study, he articulated the government role, reforming existing laws, anti-harassment policy with a view to preventing sexual harassment of women from Bangladesh. Regarding his study, he further explained the role of NGOs in Bangladesh to protect the women and child from harassment and ensure the freedom of movement of them (Rana, 2017).
While these studies focused on the overall Sexual Harassment in Bangladesh, there are clearly lack of studies to identify the functional reasons and remedies of Sexual Harassment of Women in Bangladesh. There is an urgent need to develop a model applied reasons and remedies of Sexual Harassment of Women in Bangladesh. Moreover, in Bangladesh no studies have previously focused on pragmatic reasons and remedies of Sexual Harassment of Women in Bangladesh. Hence, this study focuses on ascertain the pragmatic reasons and remedies of Sexual Harassment of Women in Bangladesh. Despite there are other causes of harassment, this research paper only deals with practical causes of sexual harassment of women in Bangladesh and the process of remedies. The researcher contemplate that, this study will minimize the gap between the theoretical and practical remedies of sexual harassment of women in Bangladesh.
6. Theoretical framework
Currently, Sexual Harassment is much concern issues in Bangladesh. It is a social crime and is a blasphemy for our society. However, numbers of term are related to this study. With a view to empathetic the entire concept, relevant term are citing here.
Canadian Human Rights Commission demonstrates, Harassment is a form of discrimination. It includes any unwanted physical or verbal behavior that offends or humiliates you. Generally, harassment is a behavior that persists over time. Serious one-time incidents can also sometimes be considered harassment (Commission, 2019)
In this regard, the European Parliament has illustrated, where an unwanted conduct related to the sex of a person occurs with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of a person, and of creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment is called sexual harassment (Hunt Carrie, 2007).
Similarly BLAST defined, “Sexual harassment as attempts or efforts to establish physical relation having sexual implication by abuse of administrative, authoritative or professional powers, Sexually colored verbal representation, Demand or request for sexual favors, Showing pornography and Indecent gesture, teasing through abusive language, stalking, joking having sexual implication etc. (Sexual Harassment Elimination and Prevention Policy, 2015).”
Additionally, Eve-teasing is the related term of this study. Daily Sun articulated that, “Eve teasing is seemingly euphemism term used to describe street harassment in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries. It is one of the most prevalent and brutal form of sexual harassment, usually on the streets and public places. It has reached such an alarming proportion that many girls committed suicide in the past few years (Enamul, 2018).
Also, Véronique Morin states about psychological harassment that as any vexatious behavior (having the character of a vexation, namely conduct that vexes, mistreats, harms, humiliates, according to various dictionaries), verbal comments, actions or gestures that are; - repeated; and - hostile or unwanted etc. (Section 81.18 of the LSA) (Véronique, 2004).
Physical abuse happens when a person uses physical force against another person. Physical abuse can start slowly and inconspicuously, for example with throwing an object or a slap, and get more intense or worse over time. Physical abuse includes shaking, slapping, pushing, punching or scratching, kicking, spitting or biting, trying to strangle or choke, using weapons and physical restraint e.g. pinning against the wall or bed etc. (Understand Domestic Violence, 2019).
The term sexual assault denotes, sexual contact or behavior that occurs without explicit consent of the victim. Some forms of sexual assault include, attempted rape, fondling or unwanted sexual touching, forcing a victim to perform sexual acts, such as oral sex or penetrating the perpetrator’s body, penetration of the victim’s body, also known as rape (Sexual Assault, 2019).
However, Trafficking and Women Trafficking is another concerning issue in this setting where trafficking involves the transport or trade of people within and across borders for the purpose of forcing them into slavery conditions. Trafficking is a serious violation of human rights (Aid, 2019). On the other hand, Sex and labor trafficking of women is a complicated phenomenon with many forces that affect women's decisions to work abroad. Perhaps the strongest factor is a desperate economic situation, which impacts the availability of satisfactory employment in many countries for women more severely than men. Women may become victims of trafficking when they seek assistance to obtain employment, work permits, visas and other travel documents (Rights, 2018).
7. Logical Framework
As the main attachment of this study is to identify the applied reasons and remedies of sexual harassment of women in Bangladesh. This segment illustrated the conceptual framework of the study where “sexual harassment of women” is the dependent variable and “reasons and remedies” is the independent variable. This study represented a model (figure: 1) for eliminating sexual harassment of women at all spheres in our society. The researcher mentioned that this model depicts some practical causes of sexual harassment of women and identified some steps of remedies. It is important to note that the process of eliminating sexual harassment as shown in the figure.
And then the researcher also showed some measures to stop sexual harassment which are shown in details. Primarily awareness building among general people that helps to remove sexual harassment of women in number of ways. When the people especially women and their family members aware about the sexual harassment, it easy to eliminate. Union Sapari argued that “Before women can start defending themselves, they need a deeper knowledge and understanding of this phenomenon,” Union Sapari also explained a statement on Georgia - “Harassment is very common in Georgia and it makes women feel unsafe. But it is so deep-rooted in everyday life that we barely notice it.
And then when you start talking to women, almost everyone has a horrible story to tell.” Union Sapari expected that the campaign will encourage more and more people to discard sexual harassment whether unwanted sleazy comments or violent assaults – is unacceptable (campaign, 2019).
Researchers emphasize that the government should enact sexual harassment related law and policy which help to remove harassment at all level from our country. There are various laws on sexual harassment, but those are scattered. Many victims do not go to police fearing social upshot and lengthy process. So a new effective law is need to eradicate sexual harassment institutionally. Already a platform of nine organizations has been proposed a draft law to prevent sexual harassment. The platform also submitted the draft consisting of a total of 24 sections to Law Minister Anisul Huq and State Minister for Labour and Employment Mujibul Haque Chunnu earlier on September 12. According to the proposed law, every organization has to form a committee with 5-7 members where victims will be able to lodge their complaints within 30 days in case of any sexual harassment. The identity of the complainant should remain confidential and after investigation, the committee will suggest appropriate punishment for the offenders (Johura, 2018).
Removing gender discrimination also plays significant roles in eradicating sexual harassment of women in Bangladesh. Gender discrimination at all level like at educational institution, at workplace, at home, at public transport should be removed. Glenn Jacobs said that it is high time to pay attention to the ways that form gender in children's upbringing. Children learn gender at an early age from the family and social environment where little girls learn to play with dolls, little boys play with trucks. Often, parents unsuspectingly encourage this type of gendered play, even going so far as to discourage their child from playing with a toy that is for the other gender. Additionally, it may encourage a boy to be more active and a girl to play quietly. Each family should encourage its child to try all of the things that it may like (Glenn, 2017).
The researcher thought that women have the power to help their families and entire communities when they equipped with the proper resources which help to fight against every violence against them like sexual harassment. Additionally, educated women produce educated family. It can be said that empowerment is the total sum of changes needed for a woman to realize her full human rights. It is not just about giving women training or a loan. It is more than that. It means that relationships and social structures that shape the lives of women and girls must change.
CARE Bangladesh argued that women empowerment is motivated women exercising greater choice in decisions affecting their lives; reduced violence against women: and the emergence of strong social movements built on women's solidarity and collaborative participation of men (Bangladesh, 2018).
The researcher also thought that to eradicate sexual harassment of women at every level, it is essential to take other some important measures as like change the behavior of male people to female, morality development in society, ensure freedom of movement of women, ensure security for women, remove social prejudice about women, enhance freedom of thought, ensure quality education for all, emergency help line for women, establishment of ethical justice, women rehabilitation Centre, provide legal aid for women, introduce emergency action against harassment, deliver safe workplace etc.
11. Research Methodology:
Relevant data will be collected using both primary and secondary sources. The study will be conducted in a mixed method approach: meaning it intends to apply both qualitative and quantitative research methods which will include different participants and respondents of study area.
11.1 Sampling and Analysis Plan:
A totality of 258 respondents (86 women, 86 girls and others 86) will be selected from the inhabitants of three specific Union Parishads (Trishal Sadar, Boilar and Danikhola Unions) under Trishal Upazila. Collected data will be organized characteristically and the coding activities will be done manually. Prepared data will be analyzed statistically with data analysis software ‘MS Excel’ and ‘Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)’ and will be presented in the report accordingly. In the whole research process, ethical ground and confidentiality will be maintained strictly.
11.3 Data collection and analysis:
Data will be collected based on a structured survey questionnaire as part of the quantitative tool and for qualitative data collection for KII and FGD purpose a checklist will be prepared and followed. After collection from field data will be coded accordingly (morally) and analyzed statistically.
12. Ethical consideration
This research will be ethical. It will not hamper any individuals, any institutions, any organizations as well as social environment. It will be helpful to prevent sexual harassment of women at every places especially educational institutions and working place. This paper can also be able to build public awareness sexual harassment of women.
13. Tentative Time Frame
14. References
Aid, D. C. (2019). Women Trafficking. Retrieved from DCA Actllaine: https://www.danchurchaid.org
Andaleeb Saad Syed, M. S. (2018). Women victims of sexual harassment in public transport. Women victims of sexual harassment in public transport. Dhaka: BRAC Centre.
Bangladesh, C. (2018). women's empowerment. Defending Dignity. fighting, Poverty. Retrieved from www.carebangladesh.org
Campaign, U. S. (2019). Empowering women by raising awareness of sexual harassment. Empowering women by raising awareness of sexual harassment. Georgia: Prague Civil Society Centre.
Commission, C. H. (2019). Harassment. Ottawa: Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1E1.
Enamul, C. H. (2018, April 22). Eve teasing in contemporary social perspective. Daily Sun.
F. Begum, R. N. (2010). Harassment of women garment workers in Bangladesh. Jounal of Bangladesh Agriltural University, 8 (2), P, 291–296.
FF Benya, S. W. (2018). Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences n Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
Glenn, J. (2017). What are the ways to remove gender discrimination? columbus. Retrieved from http://www.quora.com
Hunt Carrie, D. M. (2007). Sexual harassment in the workplace. The Center for Equality and Diversity at Work.
Johura, P. A. (2018). Law proposed to end sexual harassment at work. Dhaka: DhakaTribune. Retrieved from www.dhakatribune.com
Organization, W. H. (2017). Violence against women. Retrieved from www.who.int
Parishad, B. M. (2016). Annual report 2015. Dhaka.
Rana, D. (2017). Sexual Harassment: Enough is enough.
Razidur, M. R. (2017). Sexual Harassment against Women. (E. H. Chowdhury, Ed.) Daily Sun.
Rights, T. A. (2018, July). Stop Violence against Women. Minneapolis, USA. Retrieved from http://www.stopvaw.org
Sexual Assault. (2019, July). Retrieved from Rainn: https://www.rainn.org
(2015). Sexual Harassment Elimination and Prevention Policy. Dhaka: Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST).
Taqbir, H. (2019, June). Sexual Harassment and the Law: Where's the Problem. Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust.
Understand Domestic Violence. (2019, July). Retrieved from White Ribbon: https://www.whiteribbon.org.au
Véronique, M. (2004, April). Countdown to Implementation of Legislation on Psychological Harassment in the Workplace. In Fact and In Law.
W. H. (2017). Violence against women. World Health Organization. Retrieved from www.who.int