商品名:Cordarone ®
處置代碼:AMII28 / PUMP1
規格:150mg/3ml/amp
適應症:心律不整
給法:
Loading
有pulse:1-2支in 20-30ml D5W > 15 min
cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia):300 mg (or 5 mg/kg) 原汁push (IV/IO)
Maintain (PUMP1)
6amp in D5W 500ml (濃度 1.8mg/ml)
34ml/hr (前6hr) 17ml/hr(後18hr)
外滲 cold compress
商品名:Gendobu ® pump
處置代碼:PUMP2
規格:250mg/5ml/vial
適應症:強心劑
泡法:2amp in N/S 250ml (濃度 2mg/ml) (冷藏24hr)
劑量:0.12-0.6mg/kg/hr, up to 2.4mg/kg/hr may be required
滴速:5-30''
40kg: 2.4-12
50kg: 3-15
60kg: 3.6-18
70kg: 4.2-21
外滲 warm compress
商品名:Dopamin ®
處置代碼:PUMP3
規格:200mg/amp
適應症:升壓劑
泡法:4 amp in N/S 500mL, 濃度 1.6mg/ml
劑量:0.12-1.2mg/kg/hr, MAX 3mg/kg/hr
滴速:2-30'' (Max ml=體重*0.75)
40kg: 0.6-30
50kg: 3.75-37.5
60kg: 6.48-64.8
70kg: 5.25-52.5
外滲 warm compress
商品名:Dopamin ®
處置代碼:DOPI15(藥品代碼)
規格:200mg/amp
適應症:升壓劑
泡法:2 amp in NS 250 mL, 濃度 1.6mg/ml
劑量:0.12-1.2mg/kg/hr, MAX 3mg/kg/hr
滴速:2-30'' (Max ml=體重*0.75)
40kg: 0.6-30
50kg: 3.75-37.5
60kg: 6.48-64.8
70kg: 5.25-52.5
外滲 warm compress
商品名:Lanoxin ®
處置代碼:DIGI01
規格:500 microgram/2ml/amp
適應症:AF/HF
泡法:May be given undiluted or each 1 mL may be diluted in 4 mL (稀釋4倍原汁的體積) of DW, 0.9% NS, or D5W. Diluent volumes less than 4 mL will cause precipitation. Use diluted solutions immediately.
劑量:
Loading
500-1000 microgram (8-12 mcg/kg IV/IM很痛), given in three divided doses of 50%, 25%, 25% (0-4-4 hr).
Urgent (emergency) loading require: Give 750-1000 microgram over a minimum of 2 hours
Maintain
2.4 to 3.6 mcg/kg/dose IV or IM once daily. (If using a two hour infusion time, protect infusion solution from light)
滴速:
要給LD (且分成50%-25-25% 隔6-8hr給完)
MD=LD×(14+ClCr/5)%
外滲 cold compress
Monitoring of levels: At least 6 or more hours after the last dose to allow for redistribution.
Therapeutic range: (前往:Digoxin計算機 )
Heart failure: Trough levels usually between 0.64 to 1.28 nanomols/L (0.5 to 0.9 nanograms/ml)
Other indications: Trough levels usually between 0.64 and 2.6 nanomol/L (0.5 to 2 nanograms/ml)
IV和PO轉和:IV劑量是PO的1/3-1/2。
解毒劑:Digifab 40mg vial. (i vial 約可結合 0.5 mg毛地黃素)
中毒劑量未知或緊急狀況下:急性中毒建議給 Digibind 10 vial,慢性中毒成人建議給 2-6 vial (兒童1 vial) IV 30 min。而後依臨床反應決定是否繼續治療。
依服用藥量,決定劑量。服用digoxin總量(mg) X 0.8÷0.5 mg=所需Digibind瓶數。每服用25 顆含 0.25 mg之digoxin,所需劑量為Digibind 10 vial.
商品名:Herbesser ®
處置代碼:HERIB0
規格:10mg/amp
適應症:
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
Atrial arrhythmia.
Coronary artery bypass graft, Prevention of arterial graft spasm.
泡法:
(Push) 1 vial + D5W or N/S 5ml--bolus
(IVD) 10vial + D5W or N/S 100ml, 10mg/mL
劑量:
(Push) Initial dose: 0.25mg/kg or 20 mg (2 vial) iv bolus over 2 min. Repeat dose: 15 min after then 0.35/kg or 25 mg iv bolus
(IVD) Infusion 10 mg/hr (=1 cc/hr) (bolus 後可立刻開始IVD, 有些人5mg/hr (=0.5cc/hr)就足夠 ), rate may be increased in 5 mg/hr increments up to 15mg/hr as needed.
滴速:1.5-1.5''
外滲
商品名:Adrenalin ®
處置代碼:PUMP13 (藥品代碼BOSI00)
規格:1mg/mL/Amp
適應症:升壓劑
泡法:無避光保存4小,避光45天
一般:PUMP13 :10 amp in N/S or D5W 500mL (20mcg/mL)
濃泡:心外泡法(林雍凱)10 amp in N/S 250mL (40mcg/mL)
劑量:
一般
Loading: Pure 1 mg IV/IO push, may repeat q3-5 min
Maintain: (PUMP13濃度)
Shock: 0.15-6 mL/kg/hr (0.05-2 mcg/kg/min)
60kg建議劑量: 9-360 mL/hr
Cardiogenic shock: 0.03–1.5 mL/kg/hr (0.01–0.5 mcg/kg/min )
60kg建議劑量: 1.8-90
Anaphylactic shock: 0.3–3 mL/kg/hr (0.1–1 mcg/kg/min)
心臟外科:0.04–0.3 mcg/kg/min = 0.06-0.45 mL/kg/hr
40kg: 2.4-18 cc/hr
50kg: 3-22.5 cc/hr
60kg: 3.6-27 cc/hr
70kg: 4.2-31.5 cc/hr
滴數:Start at the low end of each range and titrate to effect
外滲 :warm compress
商品名:Mydill ® pump
處置代碼:PUMP5 (小包)
規格:10mg/10ml/amp
適應症:靜脈血管擴張(心肌梗塞)
泡法:1amp in N/S 90ml , 1mg/10ml
劑量:2-12mg/hr (20-100ml/hr)
滴速:從2開始,20-100
外滲
商品名:Mydill ® pump
處置代碼:PUMP11 (大包)
規格:10mg/10ml/amp
適應症:靜脈血管擴張(心衰竭)
泡法:5amp in N/S 450ml , 1mg/10ml
劑量:10ml/hr
滴速:10''
外滲
商品名:Trandate ®
處置代碼:TRAI01
規格:25mg/5ml/amp
適應症:降壓劑
泡法:8amp + D5W or N/S 160 ml (1mg/ml)
劑量:start with 15-20ml/hr and increase as needed, MAX dose : 160mg/hr
滴速:15-160''
外滲 warm compress
稀釋後可保存24小時
注意給藥後的姿態性低血壓
商品名:Trandate ®
處置代碼:TRAI01
規格:25mg/5ml/amp
適應症:降壓劑
泡法:Pure (5mg/ml)
劑量:
Loading 20 mg > 2 min (q5-10 min repeat)
Maintain 0.4-1 mg/kg/hr (usual total dose 50-200 mg, 24 小時內累積總劑量 300mg(12amp))
滴速:4-10'' (50kg)
外滲
稀釋後可保存24小時
注意給藥後的姿態性低血壓
商品名:Xylocaine (2%)
處置代碼:X2-01
規格:100mg/5ml
適應症:
僅適用於 VT(特別是active ischemic myocardial tissue)
心臟外科術後(for VPC/NSVT...etc)
泡法:
大包 20amp in D5W or N/S 150ml (8mg/ml)
小包 5amp in D5W 75ml (5mg/ml)
劑量:Maximum cumulative dose: 300 mg within 1 hour
VT:
Loading: 原汁1~1.5 mg/kg over 2 min (MAX 3mg/kg)
Maintain: 1-4mg/min (60-240mg/hr)
大包: 7.5-30ml/hr
小包: 12-48ml/hr
心臟外科術後:用大包(for VPC/NSVT...etc)
1 mg/min → 7.5 mL/hr
2 mg/min → 15 mL/hr
3 mg/min → 22.5 mL/hr
4 mg/min → 30 mL/hr
副作用:Signs of toxicity: CNS effects (sedation, twitching, confusion, delirium, tinnitus), cardiovascular effects (bradycardia, hypotension, new conduction abnormalities, sinus node dysfunction, PR prolongation, QRS widening) 出現這些症狀建議降流速
外滲
連續輸注>24hr,建議起始流速減半。(Half-life may extend to 3+ hours after >24 hours of infusion)
商品名:Nicarpine ® pump
處置代碼:PUMP6
規格:10mg/10ml/amp
適應症:降壓劑、防止血管痙攣
泡法:5amp in N/S 450ml (1mg/10ml)
劑量:
Initially 3-5mg/hr (30-50ml/hr) for 15 min
Maintenance 2-4mg/hr (20-40ml/hr)
For Elderly or Renal or hepatic impairment: Initially 1-5mg/hr (10-50ml/hr)
60kg建議劑量:18-360ml/hr
MAX rate: 15mg/hr (150ml/hr)
滴速:18-360''
外滲: 溫敷
If administration is via a peripheral line- change line every 12 hours to minimise the risk of venous irritation.
周邊給的濃度要小於0.2mg/cc,>0.2mg/cc和Pure要用CVC或PICC給
商品名:Nicarpine ® pump
處置代碼:PUMP
規格:10mg/10ml/amp
適應症:降壓劑、防止血管痙攣
泡法:10 amp原液 (1mg/ml)
劑量:2-5 ml/hr,每 5-15 分鐘調整 2 mg/hr (10 mL/hr) MAX: 15 mg/hr
滴速:0-15''
外滲 warm compress
周邊的濃度要小於0.2mg/cc,>0.2mg/cc和Pure要用CVC或PICC給
商品名:Nicarpine ® pump
處置代碼:PUMP
規格:10mg/10ml/amp
適應症:
CABG 病人,即使血壓不高(target < 140/85 mmHg),不停 pump (防止血管痙攣)
降壓藥
泡法:5 amp in N/S 50ml (0.5mg/ml)
劑量:防止血管痙攣:最小 0.1ml/hr (0.05mg/ml)
滴速:遵醫囑調整
外滲:warm compress
備註:
If administration is via a peripheral line- change line every 12 hours to minimise the risk of venous irritation.
周邊的濃度要小於0.2mg/cc,>0.2mg/cc和Pure要用CVC或PICC給
商品名:Norepinephrine ®
處置代碼:PUMP4
規格:4mg/4ml/amp
適應症:升壓劑
泡法:8amp in D5W 500ml, 64 mcg/mL
劑量:
Shock: 0.023-0.9 ml/kg/hr (Max 3.09)
60kg劑量1.38-54ml/hr (max 185.4 ml/hr)
當 NE 劑量 0.25–0.5 μg/kg/min (約約60公斤30 ml/hr) 仍無法達到目標:建議加 Vasopressin,而非單純繼續加大 NE 劑量(轉折點1.13mcg/kg/min)
ACLS: 0.09-0.47ml/kg/hr
60kg劑量5.4-28.2 mL/hr
滴速:0-30'' (>30cc/hr建議加上第2種升壓劑)
外滲 warm compress
商品名:甲烯藍注射劑
處置代碼:-
規格:100 mg/10 ml/vial
適應症:
Vasogenic shock, Calcium channel blocker toxicity; refractory.
Methemoglbinemia. (苯胺、亞硝酸鹽、硝酸鹽、硝基苯)
泡法:1 to 2 mg/kg IV in D5W, Run 6 hours (1 to 2 mg/kg/hr)
商品名:Pitressin ®
處置代碼:PUMP12 (藥品代碼 PITI01)
規格:20U/1ml/amp
適應症:
升壓劑、失血性休克
當 norepinephrine 劑量達 0.25–0.5 mcg/kg/min 未達 MAP 目標時可加入。建議劑量為 0.03 units/min
泡法:
Bleeding: 20Amp + D5W 500mL (0.8 U/mL)
Shock for BP↑
(1) PUMP12:預設泡法 1amp + D5W or NS 100mL (0.2 U/ml)
(2) 2amp+ D5W or NS 100mL (0.4 U/ml)
(3) 2amp+ D5W 38mL (3d) (1 U/ml)
劑量:
Bleeding(0.8 U/mL): 12-24 U/hr*24hr→15-30 mL/hr (max:48U/hr;60ml/hr)
Consider use in combination with IV Mydill (高劑量↑risk of MI)
Sepsis: Adjunct 0.6-2.4U/hr (use >2.4U有心肌缺血風險):
Dose range (1) 3-12cc (2) 1-6 (3) 1-2 mL/hr
與Norepinephrine併用可用fix dose: 1.8 u/hr => (1) 9cc/hr (2) 4.5cc/hr (3) 1.8cc/hr
Cardiogenic/ post-cardiotomy initial 1.8U/hr, q10-15 min 增加0.3U/hr, MAX 6U)
滴速:
Bleeding: 2-10''
Shock 1-6''
外滲 warm compress, 抬高患肢, do NOT flush the line
稀釋後室溫保存18小時,沒run完丟棄泡新的;冷藏24hr
商品名:Tracrium ®
處置代碼:6995-1
規格:25mg/2.5ml/amp
適應症:肌肉鬆弛
泡法:4 amp in N/S 90ml (1mg/1ml)
劑量:
Lading: 1 amp bolus (0.3-0.6mg/kg IBW)
Maintain: 0.12-1.2 mg/kg/hr
滴速:6-60'' (50kg)
外滲
商品名:Tracrium ®
處置代碼:6995-1
規格:25mg/2.5ml/amp
適應症:肌肉鬆弛
泡法:20amp Syringe pump (濃度 10mg/ml)
劑量:
Lading: 0.3-0.6mg/kg bolus
Maintain: 0.3-0.6 mg/kg/hr (50 kg, 15-30 mg/hr= 1.5-3 cc/hr)
滴速:1.5-3'' (50kg)
外滲
商品名:Nimbex ®
處置代碼:6995-4
規格:2mg/ml, 5ml/amp
適應症:肌肉鬆弛
泡法:pure (2mg/ml)
劑量:
0.06-0.18mg/kg/hr (0.03-0.09ml/kg/hr)
60kg 起始劑量約2ml/hr
滴速:MAX 體重/10
外滲
商品名:Precedex ®
處置代碼:PREI04
規格:200mcg/2ml/vial
適應症:止痛&鎮靜&抗躁動(暫時不建議用於譫妄治療)(Dexmedetomidine 可減少譫妄風險(RR 0.67)與機械通氣時間,但易致徐脈(↑6%)與低血壓(↑4%)。)
限用於短期內可拔管需鎮靜之 18 歲以上病患,連續使用不得超過 24 小時,再次使用需間隔六小時以上,且每次住院部最多使用三次
ICU初接受插管及人工呼吸器照護病人之鎮靜作用、非插管病人接受手術或其他程序前及/或手術或程序進行中之鎮靜作用
泡法:1 vial in N/S 48mL, 4 mcg/mL
劑量:(BMI>30, use adjusted body weight )
Loading:
1 mcg/kg >20 min, followed by a continuous infusion. (不建議,有低血壓、心跳過慢風險)
當併用其他鎮靜藥時,建議:0.4 mcg/kg over 10 min
Maintain: 0.2-0.7 mcg/kg/hr (Max 可到1.5mcg/kg/hr)
建議0.4 mcg/kg/hr開始,依臨床每30分鐘調整0.2 mcg/kg/hr
與propofol並用,propofol要減半劑量
滴速:【體重/10】,即流速0.4 mcg/kg/hr 。
外滲
注意事項
AV block禁止使用。
用於≤ 65歲之ICU重症需呼吸器輔助者進行深度鎮靜時,可能增加其死亡風險。(對策:密切監測vital sign與劑量調整)
以慢速靜脈輸注投與低劑量至中劑量(10-300 mcg/kg)可觀察到選擇性的α2作用;以慢速靜脈輸注高劑量(≥1000 mcg/kg)或快速靜脈輸注則可觀察到對α1與α2皆有活性。
ADR處理
Ephedrine 10-50 mg
Atropine 0.5-1 mg
商品名:Dianlin ®
處置代碼:DIAI00
規格:10mg/2ml/amp
適應症:Seizure, Status epilepticus, Serotonin syndrome, Intoxication (cocaine, methamphetamine, and other sympathomimetics)
給法:IV or IM。
不建議稀釋點滴給藥,會被管路或bag 的PVC吸附。
若要infusion:
稀釋液:1支in D5W 或 N/S 120mL以上。 建議於 30–60 分鐘內輸注完畢(安定性不佳)。
Diazepam 為油性製劑,在水溶液中溶解度低,混合後需立即輸注以避免沉澱
不可用的稀釋劑 :Ringer's lactate(含乳酸鹽)、含磷溶液、脂肪乳劑(TPN)等
建議使用獨立 IV line,避免與其他藥物併用混合。 Infusion set 若含PVC,Diazepam會被吸附,降低藥效。安全材質:Glass 或 Polyolefin。
劑量:IV 2-10 or 5-10mg, may repeat dosage in 3 to 4 hours if necessary
流速:Max (大人) 5 mg/minute (1支2分鐘) (小孩) 1 to 2 mg/minute (最快5分鐘打1支)
Rapid injection may cause respiratory depression or hypotension
外滲:抽回藥品,勿沖管,冷或溫敷
商品名:Fentanyl ®
處置代碼:PUMP15 (藥品代碼)FENIC2
規格:0.1mg/2ml/amp
適應症:止痛&鎮靜
泡法:10 amp in NS 80ml (10 mcg/mL)
劑量:
Loading IV: 25 to 100 mcg (1/4-1支 st) or 1 to 2 mcg/kg, may repeat dose (peak at ~5 min after IV)
Maintain:
Weight-based dosing 0.7 to 10 mcg/kg/hr= 0.07-1 ml/kg/hr , 40 kg start at 2-3cc, 50 kg start at 3-4cc
Usual dosing range: 50-300 mcg/hr=5-30cc/hr
滴速 2-300
外滲
商品名:Fentanyl ®
處置代碼:
規格:0.05mg/mL, 10mL/amp
適應症:止痛&鎮靜
泡法:2 amp in N/S 80mL, 1 mcg/mL
劑量:
Loading IV: 25 to 100 mcg (1/4-1支 st) or 1 to 2 mcg/kg, may repeat dose
Maintain:
Weight-based dosing 0.7 to 10 mcg/kg/hr= 0.7-10 ml/kg/hr , start at 2cc
Usual dosing range: 50-300 mcg/hr
滴速:
外滲
商品名:Fentanyl ®
處置代碼:FENIC2
規格:0.1mg/2ml/amp (100mcg/支)
適應症:止痛&鎮靜
泡法:Pure (0.1mg/2ml)
劑量:
Loading IVD:25~50 μg (0.5~1 ml= 1/4-1支 st) over 1-2 分鐘
Maintain 0.7-10 mcg/kg/hr= 0.014-0.2cc/kg/hr, start at 1 ml/hr
滴速:
外滲
商品名:Binin-U ®
處置代碼:AKII01
規格:5mg/ml/amp
適應症:止痛&鎮靜
泡法:8支in N/S 36 ml, 濃度 1mg/ml
劑量:
Loading: 0.5-1 支, bolus/IV Push, 10-20 min若無response則可追加double dose並加Anxicam
Delirium in ICU: mild: 0.5 to 2.5 mg; moderate: 2 to 5 mg; severe: 10 to 20 mg
Maintain: 0.04~0.15mg/kg/hr
(50 kg, 2-7.5mg/hr), or 25% loading dose q6h
滴速:1-10''
外滲: Elevation, warm or cold compress
商品名:Anxican ®
處置代碼:ATII01
規格:2mg/1ml/amp
適應症:止痛&鎮靜
泡法:10 amp in N/S 40ml, 濃度 0.5mg/ml
劑量:
Loading: 0.5-1 Amp (可4mg)
Maintain: 0.01-0.1mg/kg/hr 或1-2 amp iv Q6H, maximum rate:2 mg/min
滴速:1-10''
外滲: Elevation, warm or cold compress
商品名:Pethidine ® (Demerol ®)
處置代碼:DEMIC0
規格:50mg/1ml/amp
適應症:止痛&鎮靜
泡法:Pure, 濃度 50mg/1ml
劑量:
Loading: 1支bolus
Maintain: 1 amp IV/IM q4h
滴速:
外滲
商品名:Morphine ®
處置代碼:MORIC0
規格:10mg/ml/amp
適應症:止痛&鎮靜
泡法:10 amp in N/S 90ml, 1mg/1ml
劑量:
Loading IV: 1/2-1支 >5 min
Maintain 1-5 m1/hr
滴速:1-5''
外滲
商品名:Midatin ®
處置代碼:PUMP14 (藥品代碼:DORI05)
規格:15mg/3ml/amp
適應症:鎮靜, 癲癇
泡法:8amp in N/S 96 ml (1mg/ml)
劑量:BMI ≥30 kg/m2 , use actual body weight for initial weight-based dose calculations
Sedation
Loading: 1/3-1/2支> 2 min (0.5-5 mg or 0.01-0.05 mg/kg ≥2 min; may repeat at 10- to 15-min)
Maintain: 0.01-0.1 mg/kg/hr or 1-8 mg/hr 【火星窩蟲劑量 0.04-0.2 mg/kg/hr 】
Seizure
Loading: 0.2 mg/kg, repeat dose every 3 to 5 min (MAX total dose: 2 mg/kg) 或 10mg IM
Maintain: 0.05-2 mg/kg/hr. Breakthrough status epilepticus, administer bolus of 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg every 3-5 min in addition to increasing infusion rate by 0.05-0.1 mg/kg/hr, every 3 to 4 hr.
滴速:(Sedation) 1-5, max 體重/5; (Seizure) Max 體重*2
外滲
注意事項
劑量調整以50% every 3 hours 慢慢調
60%腎代謝。Clcr< 10 or 嚴重肝病,劑量少50%
商品名:Aleviatin ®
處置代碼:ALEI01
規格:50mg/ml, 5ml
適應症:癲癇
泡法:泡製於0.9% N/S
劑量:
Loading: 15-20mg/kg (max 2g) (肥胖,use actual body weight)
eg. 60kg=> 4amp run 40-60min
一般2amp ST run 10min
Maintain: 100 mg q8h or 5 mg/kg/day div q8h
滴速:最大流速: 50mg/min (3g/hr),年紀大要越慢,避免AV block
外滲:抬高患肢,溫敷,乾敷 (勿濕敷)
TDM建議:
需快速達到有效濃度,loading dose之後:針劑1-2小時候或口服後6-12小時抽血,以決定是否再loading或之後維持劑量。
當達到穩定臨床控制,2-3天後抽第2次,以確定病人的代謝排除是否和文獻的藥物動力學參數相符。
第三次抽血建議在第6-7天後(與第2次約隔5天),此次濃度用以調整未來維持劑量。如果第2次與第3次濃度無大差異,則可QW抽血。
需校正albumin。
下次給藥前30分鐘抽trough level
商品名:Fresofol ®
處置代碼:DIPI04
規格:200mg/20ml/amp
適應症:Sedation & Status epilepticus
泡法:Pure, 濃度 10mg/ml
劑量:
Sedation
Loading: 1/4-1/2支> 10 min (勿bolus) 【UpToDate initial 0.3 mg/kg/hr, Q5-10min 增加0.3-0.6 mg/kg/hr】
Maintain: 0.3-3 mg/kg/hr, Max 4.8 mg/kg/hr
60kg建議劑量: 1.8-18 mL/hr (0.3-3mg/kg/hr)
General anesthesia
(healthy adults less than 55 years of age) induction, 40 mg IV every 10 seconds until induction onset (2 to 2.5 mg/kg); dose varies for age and surgery type
(healthy adults less than 55 years of age) maintenance, 100 to 200 mcg/kg/min IV infusion (6 to 12 mg/kg/hr); dose varies for age and surgery type
(healthy adults less than 55 years of age) maintenance, 20 to 50 mg increments IV bolus as needed
Status epilepticus
Loading dose: 1-2 mg/kg , followed by 0.5-2 mg/kg every 3 to 5 min until seizures are suppressed; maximum total dose: 10 mg/kg
Maintain:
After initial loading dose, begin continuous infusion at an initial rate of 1.2 mg/kg/hr; titrate to cessation of electrographic seizures or burst suppression.
Usual dose range: 1.8-3.6 mg/kg/hr. Maximum dose (not well defined and may vary by institution): 12mg/kg/hr. Use caution with doses >48 mg/kg/hr for >48 hr
滴速:
外滲:cold
商品名:Depavent ®
處置代碼:VALI00
規格:100mg/mL, 5mL
適應症:癲癇&鎮靜(Bipolar)
泡法: (可normal saline, dextrose 5%, or dextrose saline)
(syringe pump) 2支in N/S 15 ml, 40 mg/mL
(Bag) 2支in N/S 240ml, 4mg/ml
劑量:
Loading:
(仿單) 10-15mg/kg, 注射>5 min
(UpToDate)
Focal (partial) onset seizures and generalized onset seizures: 10-15 mg/kg/day IV divided q12hr infused >1 hr; Max 60 mg/kg/day; do not exceed 14 days (switch to PO as soon as possible)
Status epilepticus: 20-40 mg/kg over 10 minutes; MAX, 3000 mg
Maintain:
重積性癲癇:15~45 mg/kg IVD 15 分鐘,之後 500mg IV Q8H (最大劑量 60 mg/kg/day)
持續輸注:0.1-0.3cc/kg/hr, Max 0.6
滴速:(Bag) 50Kg: 5-15''
外滲:
商品名:Alteplase®
處置代碼:ACTI03
規格:50mg/50ml/vial
適應症:周邊動脈阻塞Peripheral arterial occlusion, acute (off-label use) or Acute ischemic stroke
泡法:
周邊動脈阻塞:3 mg in NS 117 mL (0.025 mg/mL )
Acute ischemic stroke:50mg/50cc/vial
急性大片肺栓塞:3 mg in NS 117 mL (0.025 mg/mL )
EKOS:0.5mg/hr
劑量:
急性周邊動脈阻塞:
(UpToDate ) initial bolus 4-10 mg (administered during intervention) 之後0.25- 2 mg/hr (10-80cc/hr) for 2-48 hrs or until clot resolution
若 Fibrinogen < 150 mg/dL 或數值較前次下降超過一半,根據部分專家意見,可能需要將輸注速率減半。
若 Fibrinogen < 100 mg/dL,根據部分專家意見,可能需要停止輸注 1 小時
Acute ischemic stroke:
initial bolus 0.9 mg/kg (maximum total dose: 90 mg) over 1 minute
followed by 0.81 mg/kg (90% of 0.9 mg/kg dose) as a continuous infusion over 60 minutes.
大片肺栓塞
總劑量100毫克投與2小時。大多使用下列劑量療法:
最初,以1-2分鐘靜脈注射10毫克;接著,90毫克靜脈輸注2小時,直到總劑量達100毫克。
患者體重< 65公斤,最高總劑量不可超過每公斤體重1.5毫克。
(UpToDate) 經溶栓導管(Intra-catheter)(dose和急性周邊動脈阻塞一樣): : Low-dose infusion range: 0.5 to 2 mg/hour, continued for 2 to 15 hours; total dose range: 4 to 24 mg depending on whether PE is unilateral or bilateral; resume postprocedural anticoagulation at discretion of clinician .
EKOS:4mg in NS 160 ml run 8*3=24 hr
外滲
備註:
調配後之 1 毫克/毫升溶液可以 9 毫克/毫升(0.9%)的注射用無菌氯化鈉溶液將其進一步稀釋,但不可稀釋至低於 0.2 毫克/毫升的最低濃度,由於調配後溶液之混濁度的發生無法被排除。 不建議使用無菌注射用水或一般含碳水化合物的輸注液如 dextrose 將前述調配妥之溶液再稀釋, 因為會增加調配後溶液的混濁度形成。
不可與其他藥物混合於同一輸注液瓶中或同一靜脈輸注管中使用(即使是heparin也不可以) 。
商品名:Promostan ®
處置代碼:PGEI00
規格:20 μg/amp
適應症:周邊血管擴張 (心外)
泡法/滴速:
2 amp in N/S 100ml , 0.4mcg/ml, Run > 2 hrs
4 amp in N/S 250ml, 0.32mcg/ml, run 10.5 cc/hr (常用)
商品名:Promostan ®
處置代碼:PGEI00
規格:20 μg/amp
適應症:周邊血管擴張 (整外)
泡法:6 amp in N/S 500ml, 0.24mcg/ml
劑量:21 ml/hr, continuous drip for 3 day
滴速:21''
商品名:Hesharin ®
處置代碼:HEPI15
規格:25000u/5ml/vial
適應症:抗凝血
泡法:25000u in N/S 500ml (50u/ml)
劑量:
Loading
MI: 70-100 u/kg IV bolus
Unstable angina: 60 u/kg IV bolus
DVT治療: 80u/kg bolus
Maintain
MI and Angina: Start at 12u/kg/hr (0.24ml/kg/hr) (體重/4)
DVT: Start at 18 u/kg/hr
滴速:MI 體重/4
外滲
根據aPTT 1.5-2x (50-70s)調整流速(Q6H測)
>3x: 減少50% rate
2-3x: 減少25% rate
<1.5x: 增加25% rate.
過量時:1 mg Protamine IV可中和100 units的 heparin,30分鐘後若效果不夠,再補原先一半劑量。(一支protamin可中和1ml的heparin)
商品名:Transamin ®
處置代碼:TRNI00
規格:250mg/amp
適應症:bleed
泡法:8 amp in NS 250 mL
劑量:10 cc/hr
外滲:
注意事項:
商品名:Minirin ®
處置代碼:MINI01
規格:4mcg/ml, 1ml
適應症:Hemorrhage, von Willebrand disease, mild to moderate, Uremic bleeding
泡法:4amp in 250ml N/S (限水可in 50ml N/S), run 1 hr q12h*3次
劑量:0.3-0.4 mcg/kg, Max 40 mcg
外滲:Elevation, warm or cold compress
備註:給3 dose後要隔1周,因為容易tachyphylaxis
商品名:Urokinase ®
處置代碼:UROI07
規格:60,000IU/vail
適應症:導管阻塞
泡法:5,000-25,000 IU in 3mL N/S
用法:
在導管內停留 30 分鐘至 1 小時
停留時間結束後,使用針筒抽吸導管內的血栓或其他內容物。接著,用生理鹽水沖洗導管,以確認導管的通暢性。若仍阻塞,可能需要重複一次流程或考慮其他治療方式
禁忌: 1年內有ICH或1周內有GIB
商品名:Urokinase ®
處置代碼:UROI07
規格:60,000IU/vail
適應症:Empyema沾黏
泡法:2支in 50ml N/S
用法:從pig-tail或胸管灌入肋膜腔,滯留2小時,須左右翻身
禁忌: 1年內有ICH或1周內有GI Bleeding
商品名:Vitacal ®
處置代碼:CALIB3
規格:20mg/100mg/ml, 20ml/amp (CaCl2/Glucose) (1 支 Vitacal® ≈ 5.44 mEq Ca²⁺ ≈ 108 mg 元素鈣)
CaCl2 1g = 270mg elemental calcium = 13.6mEq = 6.8mmol
適應症:Hypocalcaemia, Beta-blocker or Calcium channel blocker overdose
泡法:(Initial) 2 支 in 100 mL D5W or NS; (Keep) 4支in 500 ml D5W or NS
劑量:從CVC或大血管打
Loading IV: 2 支 in 100 mL D5W or NS over 10-20 min, May repeat once after 10- 60 min if indications are still present.
Maintain 4支in 500 ml D5W or NS Q12H run 6 hr
滴速:Avoid rapid administration (do not exceed 100 mg/min except in emergency situations).
外滲 Elevation, warm or cold compresses
備註:
The bolus dose of calcium gluconate will raise the serum calcium concentration for only two or three hours; as a result, it should be followed by a slow infusion of calcium in patients with persistent hypocalcemia.
如果是hypoparathyroidism 可合併vitamin D 使用
打Calcium chloride 會Increased CO2 production,用在併有respiratory failure 要密切監測
商品名:Magnesium sulfate 10% ®
處置代碼:MGSI00
規格:100mg/ml, 20ml (2g/amp) (2g/vial MgSO4 = 16.24mEq/vial or 197.2mg/vial Mg2+)
適應症:
低血鎂 【泡法4g in 250-500ml D5W run】
Mild (>1.5 to 1.9 mg/dL) 1-2g over 1 to 2 hours
Moderate (1 to 1.5 mg/dL) 2-4g over 2 to 12 hours
Severe (<1 mg/dL) 4-8 g over 4 to 24 hours
Symptomatic patients (eg, tetany, arrhythmias, seizures) (excluding torsades de pointes and eclampsia/preeclampsia):
unstable 1-2g 快速 bolus over 2 to 15 minutes (150mg/min)
stable 1-2g iv bolus over 5-60 minutes, followed by an additional 4 to 8 g over 12 to 24 hours
Preeclampsia
IV
4-6 g loading dose over 15-30 min at onset of labor or induction/cesarean delivery, followed by 1-2 g/hr continuous infusion for at least 24 hours after delivery; Max infusion rate: 3 g/hr.
If seizure occurs while receiving Mg, an additional bolus of 2-4 g may be administered over ≥5 min with frequent monitoring for toxicity.
Maximum dose of 40 g per 24 hours
IM: (建議是用50%濃度的, 或無法IV時) 5 g in each buttock (共10g), followed by 5 g every 4 hours for at least 24 hours after delivery.
Polymorphic VT (with pulse) associated with QT rolongation (TdP): 1-2 g (diluted in 50-100 mL D5W) over 15 min. If no response or torsades de pointes recurs, may repeat dose up to a total of 4 g in 1 hour; may follow with a continuous IV infusion of 0.5-1 g/hr
VT/pusless VT due to TdP (二線用藥): 1支稀釋10 mL D5W bolus over ≥1 to 2 min; if ineffective, may repeat immediately with 2 additional 2 g bolus doses as needed; Max total dose: 6 g; use IO route if IV not available
Bronchospasm refractory to bronchodilation (For severe or life-threatening): 2 g as a single dose > 20 min.
外滲:
商品名:KCl ®
處置代碼:KCLI01
規格:40mEq/amp
適應症:
泡法:
Large volume:
CVC: 80mEq/1L
Periperal: 40mEq/1L
Small volume:
CVC: 20mEq/50ml
Peripheral: 20mEq/100ml
劑量:
K>2.5 mEq/L: MAX 10 mEq/hr in a concentration of up to 40 mEq/L (200 mEq in 24 hr).
K<2mEq/L: MAX 40 mEq/hr (400 mEq in 24 hr)
滴速:
ECG monitoring is recommended for peripheral or central infusions >10 mEq/hr in adults
MAX 40 mEq/hr via central line
外滲:Elevation, warm or cold compress, do NOT flush the line.
商品名:Emazol ®
處置代碼:ESOI03
規格:40mg/vial
適應症(注意健保給付規範):GI bleeding
泡法:80mg in N/S 100ml (0.8mg/ml) (不能用D5W)
劑量:
Loading 2 vial ST over 30min
Maintain 10ml/hr for 72hr
外滲:
注意事項:配置後須於12小時用完
商品名:Pane ®
處置代碼:PANI05
規格:40mg/vial
適應症(注意健保給付規範):GI bleeding
泡法:80mg in N/S 100ml or D5W (0.8mg/ml)
劑量:
Loading 2 vial ST over 30min
Maintain 10ml/hr for 72hr
外滲:
注意事項:配置後須於12小時用完
商品名:Aminophyllin ®
處置代碼:AMII37
規格:250mg/10mL/Amp
適應症:Exacerbation of asthma or COPD
泡法:2 amp in N/S or D5W 250ml (2mg/mL)
劑量:
Loading IV: 6mg/kg or 1 amp + NS 50mL for 20min
Maintain
16-59歲:0.4 mL/kg/hr (MAX 900mg/d)
>59歲:0.3 mg/kg/hr (MAX 500mg/d) 註
抽菸者:0.4mL/kg/hr
滴速:
外滲 cold compress
備註 Aminophyllin: Give 0.2 mg/kg/hr IV (up to 400 mg/day) to patients with CHF, cor pulmonale, liver dysfunction, sepsis with multiorgan failure, shock, or other factors for reduced theophylline clearance.
商品名:Minirin ®
處置代碼:MINI01
規格:4mcg/ml, 1ml
適應症:尿崩
泡法:勿稀釋
劑量:2-4 mcg IV/SC
Treatment-naive individuals: 0.25 to 2 mcg every 12 to 24 hours (1/2 amp Q12H)
外滲:
商品名:Minirin ®
處置代碼:MINI01
規格:4mcg/ml, 1ml
適應症:overly rapid sodium correction in patients with chronic severe hyponatremia (ddavp clamp)
泡法:dilution is not required
劑量:1-2 mcg q6-8h; titrate to response; maximum reported dose: 4 mcg q6-8h
Continue therapy for 24-48 hror until serum Na ≥125 mEq/L; goal of therapy is to correct serum Na by ≤8 mEq/L in any 24-hour period
外滲:
商品名:Lasix (Rosis) ®
處置代碼:FURI03
規格:20mg/2ml/amp
適應症:When unresponsive to intermittent infusion
泡法:原汁continue infusion需避光,24小時未用完即丟棄 (10 mg/mL)
劑量:
Loading IV: 4mg per minute
Maintain 1-2 mL/hr
滴速:1-2
外滲
商品名:Human Immunoglobulin G (IVIG)/Maltose ®
處置代碼:IVGI00
規格:60mg/100mg/ml*50ml
適應症:Guillain-Barré syndrome, Immune thrombocytopenia
泡法:(可bolus> 2min)
劑量:
Guillain-Barré: 400 mg/kg once daily for 5 days. (in combination with corticosteroid therapy)
Immune thrombocytopenia: 1 g/kg QD for 1 or 2 days; second dose may be withheld if adequate platelet response (eg, platelets >50,000/mm3) in 24 hours (Ref). Alternative dosing: 400 mg/kg once daily for 5 days
Myasthenia gravis, acute exacerbation: 2 g/kg per treatment course, administered in divided doses over 2 to 5 consecutive days (eg, 400 mg/kg once daily for 5 days or 1 g/kg once daily for 2 days) (Max total daily dose: 1 g/kg)
Toxic shock syndrome, streptococcal: 1 g/kg on day 1, followed by 500 mg/kg QD on days 2 and 3
Kawasaki disease, treatment (兒童): 2 g/kg as a single dose infused over 8-12 hours; usually administered within 10 days of disease onset
外滲:回抽藥液,請勿沖管,dry warm compresses。Terbutaline 外敷0.5-1 mg diluted in 1 mL NS; may repeat dose after 15 minutes
注意事項:
靜待本產品回復到室溫再使用。
先打0.3mL/kg/hr,無過敏,每15-30分鐘可增加速度到MAX 6-8mL/kg/hr
注射速度應該以每分鐘1 mL (每小時60 mL)開始,持續15分鐘以上,然後注射速 度可以漸增,直到15分鐘後達最高的每分鐘 3-4 mL (每小時180-240 mL) 。
Thrombosis may occur with immune globulin products.
Renal dysfunction, acute renal failure, osmotic nephrosis, and death may occur in predisposed patients with immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) products.
商品名:Octreotide (Sandostatin) ®
處置代碼:SANI00
規格:0.1mg/ml, 1ml
適應症(注意健保給付規範):胃、食道靜脈曲張出血 (最多3天), 預防胰臟手術後併發症 (最多5天), .胰臟、膽及腸道僂管(閉合後治療應再繼續 1–3 天), 類癌腫瘤(carcinoid), 肢端肥大症, Fistulas, high output (>500 mL/day), gastroenteropancreatic, Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, functional, gastrin secreting (gastrinoma), Hepatorenal syndrome type 1 or acute kidney injury, treatment (adjunctive agent) ,
2025健保給付適應症:
胃、食道靜脈曲張引起的嚴重急性出血(至多3天)
胃潰瘍、十二指腸潰瘍、出血性胃炎引起的嚴重急性出血
經內視鏡檢查確定為急性消化性潰瘍或出血性胃炎之急性嚴重出血,且經內視鏡止血術、PPI或β -blocker治療且不適合外科手術者,方可給付。
最長以 3 天為原則。
胰臟手術後胰臟併發症之預防(最長使用 5 天)
泡法:10 amps/NS 或 D5W 250mL (1mg/250mL)
劑量:
10cc/hr (40mcg/hr)
Bleeding esophageal varices: 50 mcg IV bolus, then 50 mcg/hr IV continuously for 2 or 5 days with endoscopic therapy (off-label dosage)
Hepatorenal syndrome with acute kidney injury: 100-200 mcg subQ q8h PLUS midodrine 5 to 15 mg q8h PLUS Albumin 1 g/kg IV st.
Pancreatitis, acute: 100-200 mcg q8h (SubQ); 25 or 50 mcg/hr IV infusion for 3 to 7 days (IV)
外滲:
商品名:Rolikan ®
處置代碼:SODI04
規格:70mg/mL, 20mL/amp (0.83 mEq HCO3- / mL= 16.7 mEq/amp )
適應症:鹼化、藥物引起的鈉離子通道毒性(例如:TCAs, cocaine ,procainamide, flecainide, loperamide...etc)
泡法:6 amp in NS or D5W 130mL (42mg/25mL. 1.68mg/mL)
劑量:
酸中毒:run 11 cc/hr
藥物引起的鈉離子通道毒性:Bolus 1-2 mEq/kg
外滲:回抽藥液,do not flush the line,溫敷
注意事項:
HCO 3 deficit = 1/2 體重 x (24 - HCO 3 )
Max 流速1 mEq/kg/hr
給予碳酸氫鈉時必須監測鉀與鎂離子
商品名:Glypressin ®
處置代碼:TERI04
規格:1 mg/ 8.5mL/ amp
適應症(注意健保給付規範):EV bleeding, Hepatorenal syndrome
泡法:(可bolus> 2min)
劑量:
Bleeding: 2支 q4h for 1-2天,then 1支q4h 2(or 3)-5天 (一般給48hr) (最多5天療程)
Hepatorenal syndrome: 1支q6h for 3天,第4天開始按照Scr調整劑量
Patients with SCr >5 mg/dL at the time of treatment initiation are unlikely to experience benefit.!!
如果Scr下降≥30%, 1支q6h * 24 hr (max 14天)
如果Scr下降<30%,2支q6h* 24 hr (max 14天)
If SCr ≥ baseline: Discontinue terlipressin.
外滲:回抽藥液,請勿沖管,dry warm compresses。Terbutaline 外敷0.5-1 mg diluted in 1 mL NS; may repeat dose after 15 minutes
注意事項:
Do not initiate terlipressin in patients experiencing hypoxia (eg, SpO2 <90%) until oxygenation levels improve
Terlipressin may cause serious or fatal respiratory failure
商品名:Humulin R® 優泌林 (廠牌:禮來藥廠)→不同廠牌不可混合在同一個bag
處置代碼:RI-I03
規格:100IU/ml, 10ml
適應症:Hyperglycemia or hyperkalaemia
泡法:
濃泡 RI 100U in N/S 100ml- 限水病人 (1 Unit/ml)
稀泡 RI 50U in N/S 500ml- 非限水病人 (0.1 Unit/ml)
劑量:ADA 2024建議起始劑量:DKA 0.1 unit/kg/hr; HHS 0.05 unit/kg/hr
濃泡 RI:DKA起始劑量【體重/10】HHS起始劑量【體重/20】
Eg:40 kg起始劑量:DKA 4ml; HHS 2ml.; 50 kg起始劑量:DKA 5ml; HHS 2.5ml.
稀泡 RI:DKA起始劑量【體重=mL】HHS起始劑量【體重/2】
Eg:40 kg起始劑量:DKA 40ml; HHS 20ml.; 50 kg起始劑量:DKA 50ml; HHS 25ml.
外滲:
注意事項:
目標下降速度:glucose ↓ 50–75 mg/dL/hr
K⁺ < 3.3 → 先補鉀,Keep K 4-5 mmol/L
K 3-4 → 1/2 amp KCl; 2-3 → 1 amp KCl
Serum glucose 200-250 → add RI 10u
Fluid management (HHS 缺水比DKA 多),單純給予Fluid 就可以降血糖 (50-70mg/dL/h)
輸液選擇:大部分的臨床治療指引建議NS 0.9% 為主,但balance crystalloid也可使用
台中榮總胰島素調整經驗:點我前往
更新日期:2026.04.28