evaluated on a case-by-case basis.) Minority and female orthopedic surgeons are encouraged to apply for grants reviewed and selected by members of the J. Robert Gladden Society and RJOS.6,7 Residents and Faculty The Clinician Scientist Development Program seeks applicants in their postgraduate year 2 to 5 residency years, in fellowships, and junior faculty through year 3 who have the potential/desire to become orthopedic clinician scientists. Up to 15 participants are selected to participate in the 1.5-day CSDP training workshop. For inquiries, contact Erin Ransford, Manager of Research Development, Office of Government Relations, 6,300 North River Road, Rosemont, IL 60018-4262 (e-mail ransford@aaos.org). Additional resources are the following: (1) Clinician Scientist Career Development Timeline (Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation online), (2) National Insitutes of Health Career Development Awards, and (3) information on Orthopaedic Specialty Society grant opportunities. Numerous other grants and awards are found on the OREF web site (http://www.oref.org).8 Membership in the following societies is available: 1. The American Orthopaedic Association (AOA) (http:// www.aoassn.org) was founded in 1887 and is the oldest orthopedic association in the world. Its mission is to identify, develop, engage, and recognize leadership to further the art and science of orthopedics. You must be nominated for and voted on for membership.9 2. AAOS (http://www.aaos.org): founded in 1933, the AAOS is the pre-eminent provider of musculoskeletal education to orthopedic surgeons and others in the world. CME venues include a world-renowned annual meeting, multiple CME courses held around the country and at the Orthopedic Learning Center, and various medical and scientific publications and electronic media materials.10 3. RJOS (http://www.rjos.org): RJOS is the oldest surgical women’s organization incorporated in the United States. It welcomes both men and women as members. Founded in 1983 as a support and networking group for the growing number of women orthopedic surgeons, it has grown to a membership of more than 450. The majority is from North America, with international female orthopedists included. The membership is comprised of practicing orthopedic surgeons, residents, fellows, and medical students. With these varied perspectives, RJOS offers a 366 The American Journal of Surgery, Vol 202, No 3, September 2011 woman’s viewpoint on the rewards and shortcomings of a career in orthopedics. For the medical student, resident, and fellow, there is a mentoring program to offer guidance as well as practical suggestions for choosing and completing an orthopedic residency. Working along with the AAOS, educational projects involving osteoporosis and family violence have been completed. Future RJOS efforts will involve women’s musculoskeletal health and physician leadership training. The RJOS has an endowment with the OREF. Through partnering with industry, the Society has developed the RJOS Traveling Fellowship Program, which awards 2 fellowships annually, and a Resident Research Award. As of 2002, RJOS also offers 2 Medical Student Scholarships for those students interested in attending the AAOS Annual Meeting and the RJOS luncheon. The Society holds a luncheon meeting each year during the AAOS Annual Meeting. This is a time for conducting the business of the society and also for networking and socializing. Committee work powers the organization. Opportunities for membership are available on the Membership, Mentoring, Program, Nominating, Scientific, and Communications Committees.11 Further information can be found at http://www.rjos.org/web/about/index.htm. The mission of the J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery (www.gladdensociety.org) is to increase diversity in the orthopedic profession, improve musculoskeletal patient care by improving culturally competent care, and eliminate musculoskeletal health care disparities in underserved groups.12 Subspecialty societies within orthopedics with subspecialty interest include but are not limited to the following societies: 1. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) (http://www.aofas.org): the AOFAS is an orthopedic specialty society whose members are orthopedic surgeons specializing in surgical and medical treatment of injuries, diseases, and other conditions of the foot and ankle. This society has interests in diabetes/nerve disorders, ankle, bunions, forefoot, tibiotalocalcaneal fusion, flatfoot, hindfoot, and ankle/hindfoot and congenital clubfoot to name a few. 2. American Orthopedic Society For Sports Medicine (AOSSM) (http://www.sportsmed.org): the AOSSM focuses on sports-related orthopedic conditions and injuries. Topics such as meniscal/articular cartilage, the foot and ankle in sports medicine, the elbow, the shoulder (rotator cuff and instability) and stress fractures, and rotator cuff tendinosis in athletes are included in research and discussion. 3. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) (http://www.ases-assn.org): the ASES organization seeks to foster and advance the science and practice of shoulder and elbow care. This society is made up of leading national and