CEFR - LEVELS  &  CURRICULUM

This page presents a structured overview of the Spanish CEFR levels, from A1 (Beginner) to C2 (Proficient), highlighting Communication Goals, Grammar Topics, and Vocabulary Themes. Each level builds upon the previous one to guide learners toward fluency.

A1 – BEGINNER

COMMUNICATION

• Introduce yourself and others

• Ask and answer simple personal questions

• Talk about daily routines and habits

• Order food and drinks

• Ask for directions

• Express likes, dislikes, preferences

GRAMMAR

• Personal pronouns

• Present tense of regular and key irregular verbs (ser, estar, tener, ir, gustar)

• Gender and number agreement

• Definite and indefinite articles

• Question formation

• Basic negation

VOCABULARY

• Greetings and introductions

• Numbers, days, months

• Family and professions

• Food and drinks

• Places in town

• Everyday activities

A2 – ELEMENTARY

COMMUNICATION

• Describe your home and neighbourhood

• Talk about past events and experiences

• Make comparisons

• Express intentions and future plans

• Handle shopping and appointments

GRAMMAR

• Preterite of regular and irregular verbs

• Reflexive verbs

• Demonstratives and possessives

• Quantifiers and frequency expressions

• Future tense with "ir a" + infinitive

• Comparative structures

VOCABULARY

• Home and furniture

• Clothes and colours

• Travel and holidays

• Daily routine and time expressions

• Shopping and services

B1 – INTERMEDIATE

COMMUNICATION

• Narrate stories and personal experiences

• Give opinions and reasons

• Talk about hopes, plans, and predictions

• Express doubts and possibilities

• Manage conversations in public places (restaurants, hotels, transport)

GRAMMAR

• Imperfect vs Preterite contrast

• Direct and indirect object pronouns

• Periphrasis: seguir + gerundio, acabar de + infinitive

• Subjunctive: present (basic uses)

• Commands (formal and informal)

• Conditional simple

VOCABULARY

• Health and body

• Education and work

• Leisure and free time

• Weather and environment

• Emotions and personality traits

B2 – UPPER INTERMEDIATE

COMMUNICATION

• Debate and express agreement/disagreement

• Discuss abstract topics (dreams, culture, society)

• React to news and events

• Express opinions with nuance

• Write formal and informal texts

GRAMMAR

• Subjunctive: present, past (imperfecto), and common uses

• Relative clauses

• Passive voice

• Reported speech (estilo indirecto)

• Advanced connectors and discourse markers

• Uses of "se" (impersonal, accidental)

VOCABULARY

• Media and current affairs

• Art, literature, and cinema

• Science and technology

• Politics and social issues

• Phrasal expressions and idioms

C1 – ADVANCED

COMMUNICATION

• Express yourself fluently and spontaneously

• Present arguments clearly and persuasively

• Understand implicit meaning and humour

• Write complex texts with coherence

• Participate in professional and academic discussions

GRAMMAR

• Complex sentence structures

• Full mastery of all verb tenses

• Subjunctive in all contexts

• Nominalisation and verbal expressions

• Style and register variation

VOCABULARY

• Academic and professional terminology

• Formal writing structures

• Colloquial language and sayings

• Cultural references and metaphors

• Idiomatic usage and refined vocabulary

C2 – PROFICIENT

COMMUNICATION

• Express yourself precisely in all contexts

• Adapt your language to any social or academic situation

• Understand and produce complex literary and technical texts

• Translate, interpret, and summarise with ease

• Use humour, irony, and subtleties naturally

GRAMMAR

• Nuances of syntax and register

• Creative use of grammar for style and emphasis

• Mastery of ellipsis, inversion, and stylistic devices

• Native-like control of language structure

VOCABULARY

• Specialised and high-level vocabulary

• Proverbs and figurative language

• Advanced cultural and literary references

• Multilayered vocabulary use

• Near-native lexical flexibility

Note: This curriculum is based on the Instituto Cervantes' CEFR framework and can be adapted for tailored lessons, Instagram educational slides, or printable resources for learners and teachers.