Depth Study 1: Europe of the Dictators, 1918–1941

Answer any two questions.

1 Discuss the view that Trotsky was more important than Lenin to Bolshevik victory in the Civil War in Russia. [30]

2 ‘The appeal of fascism was the main reason for Mussolini becoming Prime Minister in 1922.’ How

far do you agree? [30]

3 ‘Totalitarian rule was a means to an end for Stalin, and not an end in itself.’ How far do you agree?

[30]

4 ‘Weimar politicians must bear the greatest responsibility for Hitler becoming Chancellor in 1933.’

Discuss this view. [30]