The processes are the general methods used by scientists to answer scientific questions, or by engineers to solve design problems. Consider that not all science and engineering occurs one step at a time, as indicated by the methods below. Sometimes, science and engineering gets a little messy and deviates along its path, and forces the scientist or engineer to be creative and jump around the steps a bit. Also, consider that both of these are ongoing circular processes. Rarely does a scientist or engineer say “That’s it, I’m done.”

The Scientific Method

1. Make observations & ask questions

2. Research

3. Form a hypothesis

4. Design a controlled experiment

5. Test the hypothesis through experimentation

6. Analyze the results to form conclusions

7. Communicate – share results, consider what’s next, retest if necessary

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The Engineering Design Process

1. Define the Problem

2. Research

3. Specify requirements: Criteria (wants) & Constraints (needs)

4. Develop a solution

5. Create a prototype

6. Test, test, test

7. Evaluate Solution

8. Communicate results and solution