Risk Factor: something that increases risk or susceptibility
For eating disorders, many things such as our everyday routines, genetics, and influences can all put us at risk of developing an eating disorder.
Family history of Eating Disorders
High Body weight during childhood
A transition with huge social or physical changes
Genetic predisposition for traits (ex: perfectionism)
First menstrual cycles
• dieting
• perfectionistic traits
• heightened sensitivity or inability to cope with negative evaluations
• stress
• obsessive-compulsive traits or disorder
• neurodiverse individuals
• depression or depressive features
• anxiety, including social anxiety and avoidance of social interaction
• substance misuse
• overvaluing body image in defining self-worth
• dissatisfaction with body weight and shape
• low self-esteem or feelings of inadequacy
• harm avoidance or traits such as excessive worrying, anxiety, fear, doubt and pessimism
• individuals who have experienced trauma, abuse, neglect or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• adopting and aspiring to cultural ideals of thinness, muscularity and leanness
• pressure to achieve and succeed
• peer pressure
• teasing or bullying, especially when focused on weight or body shape
• troubled family or personal relationships
• family dieting
Protective Factor: something that decreases risk or susceptibility
For eating disorders protective factors can be things like a high self-esteem, however, protective factors aren't universal, they will vary depending on gender, social class, ethnicity, age, and other variables.
• High self-esteem
• Positive body image
• Media literacy
• Emotional well-being
• School achievement
• Being self-directed and assertive
• Good social skills with success at performing multiple social roles
• Problem solving and coping skills
• Belonging to a family that does not over-emphasize weight and physical attractiveness
• Eating regular meals with the family
• Belonging to a culture that accepts a range of body shapes and sizes
• Involvement with sport or industry where there is no emphasis on physical attractiveness or thinness
• Peer or social support structures and relationships where weight and physical appearance are not of high concern