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Grammar Translation Method (GTM), also known as the Classical Method, is a traditional teaching technique that was used to teach Latin and Greek and was particularly in vogue during the 16th Century.
This method is not new; it was used earlier in this century for the purpose of helping students read and appreciate foreign language literature. It was also hoped that, through the study of the grammar of the target language, students would become more familiar with the grammar of their native language and that this familiarity would help them speak and write their native language better.
Characteristics
Students should be able to translate from one language to another. If they do it, they are considered successful language learners.
The method requires students to translate whole texts word for word and memorize numerous grammatical rules and exceptions
Students must manage enormous vocabulary lists.
The goal of this method is to be able to read and translate literary masterpieces and classics.
Classes are conducted in the native language.
The ability to communicate in the target language is not a goal in this method.
The skills that are developed are reading and writing.
Grammar is taught deductively.
Teacher´s Role
The teacher is the authority in the classroom.
Learner´s Role
The students do what the teacher says so they can learn what he or she knows.
Advantages
An effective way for application of grammar and sentence structure
Least stressful for students as they use their native language
Disadvantages
Wrong idea of what language is.
Unnatural method
It starts with the teaching of reading not listening.
Speech is neglected as it lays emphasis on reading and writing.
It does not give pattern practice.
Less learners’ motivation
Create frustration for learners
Techniques
Translation of a literary passage
Students will be asked to read a literary passage and then translate the target language into their native language. Translation may be written or spoken or both. Students should not translate idioms and the like literally, but rather in a way that shows that they understand their meaning.
Reading comprehension questions
Students answer questions in the target language based on their understanding of the reading passage.
Answers to the questions may be:
Contained in the text
Inferred
Related to experience
Techniques of GTM
Filling the blanks. ...
Use words in sentences.
Topic composition. ...
Passage translation.
Comprehension questions. ...
Word meanings. ...
Inference building. ...
Summary writing.
Cognates
Translate a literary passage. ...
Reading comprehension
Deductive grammar practice.
Memorization practice
Composition.
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