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Lesson Five: Matter and Changes of State
Lesson Five: Matter and Changes of State
Today I am… learning about the different states of matter
So I can… understand how and why matter changes state
I’ll know I have it when… I can explain the changes of the states of matter using the particle theory
The estimated time to complete this lesson is 2 hours
If all the experiments are completed, this lesson will take a bit longer
By the end of the lesson...
By the end of the lesson...
You should be able to answer these questions:
Can I give an example for each change of state of matter?
Do I know the difference between melting and boiling point?
Can I explain the role of heat in the changes of state of matter?
Can I use the particle theory of matter to explain how matter changes state?
Can I explain how each state of matter reacts to changes in temperature?
Can I list the two states of matter that are involved in each change of state?
Lets Review
Lets Review
Last lesson we learned about expansion and contraction. Try to answer these questions before we begin today:
What makes water unique when we are talking about expansion and contraction? (hint: it is about one of the states of matter of water)
What causes an object to expand?
What causes an object to contract?
Stop and Think
Stop and Think
Can you identify the three states of water that are in this photo?
Water is the only substance that is naturally found as a solid, a liquid and a gas
The three states of matter are found throughout our everyday lives
Matter can change from one state to another. This can be as easy as melting ice
States of Matter
States of Matter
Solid
Solid
A solid has a definite shape and size (volume)
Its particles are very close together and are moving (vibrating) very slowly
They have the least amount of kinetic energy
Liquid
Liquid
A liquid has a definite size (volume) but no definite shape
Liquids take the shape of whatever container they are in
Its particles are further apart than in solids and are moving faster (have more kinetic energy)
Gas
Gas
A gas has no definite size (volume) or shape
The particles will expand to fill any space they are in
The particles are the furthest apart and are moving the fastest (have the most kinetic energy)
State of Matter Detective
State of Matter Detective
Watch the video to see expansion and contraction of different states of matter.
Questions to think about:
How many different states of matter can you identify in the video?
Can you explain the expansion and contraction of the items?
Changes of State
Changes of State
Have you ever left ice cream on the counter for too long?
Have you watched the snow melt when spring arrived?
Have you put a melted chocolate bar in the freezer?
Have you ever boiled water?
You have experienced many changes of state already in your life!
What are some other examples that you can think of?
Write them down!
Particle Theory and Changes of State
Particle Theory and Changes of State
We already learned about the particle theory of matter. This will be important when we learn about the five changes of state.
Watch this video as a review about the states of matter and particle theory. It also gives some great examples of changes of state that we encounter in our everyday lives!
Melting Point
Melting Point
This is the temperature at which a substance melts
This is different for every substance
When something melts, what are the two states of matter involved?
What is the melting point of ice?
Boiling Point
Boiling Point
This is the temperature at which a substance boils
This is different for every substance
When something boils, what are the two states of matter involved?
What is the boiling point of water?
The Role of Heat
The Role of Heat
Remember, heat is a form of energy that is transferred between objects
Heat energy always moves from an object with high heat energy to an object with low heat energy
For matter to change state, energy has to either be released or absorbed
Changes of State
Changes of State
Fusion
Fusion
When a solid changes into a liquid
Happens because heat is absorbed and the particles gain energy and move faster
Remember, particles in a solid move slowly (have less kinetic energy), so they need to absorb heat energy to be able to move faster like the particles in a liquid
Evaporation
Evaporation
When a liquid changes into a gas
Happens because heat is absorbed and the particles gain energy and move faster
Remember, particles in a liquid move slower (have less kinetic energy) than the particles in a gas so heat needs to be absorbed to make the particles move faster
Solidification
Solidification
When a liquid changes into a solid
Happens because heat is released and the particles slow down and lose/release energy
Remember the particles in a liquid move faster (have more kinetic energy) than the particles in a solid so heat energy needs to be released for the particles to slow down
Condensation
Condensation
When a gas changes into a liquid
Happens because heat is released and the particles slow down and lose/release energy
Remember the particles in a gas move faster (have more kinetic energy) than the particles in a liquid so heat energy needs to be released for the particles to slow down
Sublimation
Sublimation
When a gas turns into a solid OR a solid turns into a gas without turning into a liquid
When a gas turns into a solid, heat is released and the particles move slower
When a solid turns into a gas, heat is absorbed and the particles move faster
One example of sublimation is dry ice
Heating Curve
Heating Curve
This shows how an object's temperature changes while being heated
A plateau is a flat part of a curve
They represent when the substance is melting or boiling
Lets think!
How do you think a cooling curve would look? Draw what you think!
What would a cooling curve tell us?
Time to get creative!
Time to get creative!
Create a drawing or a flip-book to show one of the five changes of state.
You can do this with particles or with the objects themselves.
For example, you could show a popsicle melting over time.
Make sure to include which change of state you are drawing as well as the two states of matter.
Be creative! You can even write a story to go along with your drawings.
To create a flip-book, cut a piece of paper into 8 pieces and staple them together to create a small book. You can use more than 8 pieces depending on how long you want your book to be. The picture on each page should be slightly different than the one before it so when you flip through the pages you can see the changes.
Here are some resources to help you create a flip book.
Stop and Think
Stop and Think
Julie pours herself a glass of water and left it on the counter. When she comes back after ten minutes she notices that there is water on the outside. She thinks that her glass has a crack in it and the water is leaking out.
What should you tell Julie to help her understand what is happening?
Changes of State Virtual Laboratory
Changes of State Virtual Laboratory
Follow the link to the website to see how the particles of different substances change as you heat them or cool them.
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/states-of-matter-basics/latest/states-of-matter-basics_en.html
Complete the questions on the right associated with the website! When you are done with the questions, play around with heating and cooling the substances. Always pay attention to what the particles are doing!
Before you go...
Before you go...
Make sure you can answer these questions so you know you have a good understanding of the material! Try to answer these questions before moving onto the next lesson:
The particles are moving the fastest in which state of matter?
What is the difference between melting point and boiling point?
Can you give an example of each of the five changes of state?
Take the quiz to make sure you are on the right track!
References
References
Chris Piers. (2008, February 27). Expansion and Contraction. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPJLFDekxZA&feature=emb_logo
Crash Course Kids. (2015, March 19). Particles of Your World. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npv74D2MO6Q
Nelson Thomas Learning. (1999). Nelson Science & Technology 7.
NireLeet. (2018, June 28). How to make a simple flip book. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9_d1mwf_Xw
Simple and Easy Projects. (2011, December 3). How to make a quick and simple flip book. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29SCiHN9zCI
University of Colorado. (2002). PhET Interactive Simulations: States of Matter. https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/states-of-matter/latest/states-of-matter_en.html
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