Ṛgveda-Prātiśākhya Chapter 7 (Pluti-paṭala) (7.1-56)

Pluti is the lengthening of a, i or u in the Pada text to an ā, ī or ū in the Saṁhitā text with the general requirement that a consonant follows the vowel.

Sūtra 7.1 is an Adhikāra Sūtra and gives the general rules for Pluti and the Sūtras beginning with 7.5 give the specific conditions under which these rules apply.

7.1 A short vowel, other than ṛ, becomes long, when a consonant follows, as is stated later on, and this combination is called Sāmavaśa.

7.2 This is certainly a kind of prolation (pluti).

This lengthening of the short vowels is called Sāmavaśa, which means it helps to fulfill the requirements of a particular meter.

7.5 U in the word makṣu is lengthened in every position, even if it does not belong to the end of a word.

Examples:

makṣu | na = makṣū na (RV 10.61.9)

makṣu-makṣu | kṛṇuhi = makṣūmakṣū kṛṇuhi (RV 3.31.20)

7.6 The word accha, if not compounded with another word (vigrahe), is lengthened, when words other than sutāḥ and yāhi follow.

Examples:

tvām | accha | carāmasi = tvāmacchā carāmasi (RV 9.1.5)

indram | accha | sutāḥ = indramaccha sutāḥ (RV 9.106.1)

accha | yāhi = accha yāhi (RV 1.31.17)

vājam | accha = vājam accha (RV 3.29.9)

me | acchadayan = me acchadayan (RV 10.108.10)

7.7 Ya, which is not preceded by ā and which is the final syllable of a dissyllabic second part of a compound is lengthened, if that second part is accented on its first syllable.

Examples:

prati-iṣya̍| kavaya̍ḥ = pratīṣyā̍ kavaya̍ḥ (RV 10.129.4)

vi-bhidya̍ | pura̍m = vibhidyā pura̍m (RV 10.67.5)

ā-dāya̍ | śyenaḥ = ādāya̍ śyenaḥ (RV 4.26.7)

7.9 The lengthening according to 7.5 and 7.7 does not take place in these instances: niyūya piṣṭamayā, abhipadya, …, niṣadya vi, ….

Examples:

ni-yūya̍ | piṣṭamayā = niyūya̍ piṣṭamayā (Praiṣa 2.9)

ni-yūya̍ | devānā̍m = niyūyā̍ devānā̍m (RV 10.70.10)

abhi-padya̍ | pāpayā̍ = abhipadya̍ pāpayā̍ (RV 10.71.9)

ni-sadya̍ | vi = niṣadya vi (RV 1.177.4)

ni-sadya̍ | vṛṣṇa̍ḥ = niṣadyā vṛṣṇa̍ḥ (RV 1.108.3)