Chart 1: Ṛgveda Prātiśākhya, Chapter 2: VOWEL SANDHI RULES
I N I T I A L
+ |a |ā |ṛ |i |u |e |o |ai |au |
F a,ā |ā |ā |a+ṛ |e |o |ai |au |ai |au |
I i |ya |yā |yṛ |ī |yu |ye |yo |yai |yau |
N u |va |vā |vṛ |vi |ū |ve |vo |vai |vau |
A e |e+a |a+ā |a+ṛ |a+i |a+u |a+e |a+o |a+ai |a+au |
L |e | | | | | | | | |
o |o+a |avā |avṛ |avi |a+u |ave |a+o |avai |a+au |
|o | | | | | | | | |
ai |ā+a |ā+ā |ā+ṛ |ā+i |ā+u |ā+e |ā+o |ā+ai |ā+au |
au |āva |āvā |āvṛ |āvi |ā+u |āve |ā+o |āvai |ā+au |
aḥ |o+a |a+ā |a+ṛ |a+i |a+u |a+e |a+o |a+ai |a+au |
|o | | | | | | | | |
āḥ |ā+a |ā+ā |ā+ṛ |ā+i |ā+u |ā+e |ā+o |ā+ai |ā+au |
k |ga |gā |gṛ |gi |gū |ge |go |gai |gau |
ṭ |ḻa |ḻā |ḻṛ |ḻi |ḻū |ḻe |ḻo |ḻai |ḻau |
t |da |dā |dṛ |di |dū |de |do |dai |dau |
p |ba |bā |bṛ |bi |bū |be |bo |bai |bau |
Note: i = i, ī; u = u, ū
Chart 2: Chapter 2 Sūtra Number for Each Sandhi Rule
I N I T I A L
+ |a |ā |ṛ |i |u |e |o |ai |au |
F a,ā |2.15 |15 |32 |16 |17 |18 |19 |18 |19 |
I i |21 |21 |21 |15 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |
N u |21 |21 |21 |21 |15 |21 |21 |21 |21 |
A e |33 |28 |28 |28 |28 |28 |28 |28 |28 |
L |34-50| | | | | | | | |
o |33 |31 |31 |31 |28 |31 |28 |31 |28 |
|34-50| | | | | | | | |
ai |25 |25 |25 |25 |25 |25 |25 |25 |25 |
au |31 |31 |31 |31 |25 |31 |25 |31 |25 |
aḥ |33 |27 |27 |27 |27 |27 |27 |27 |27 |
|34-50| | | | | | | | |
āḥ |24 |24 |24 |24 |24 |24 |24 |24 |24 |
k |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |
ṭ |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |
|1.52 |1.52 |1.52 |1.52 |1.52 |1.52 |1.52 |1.52 |1.52 |
t |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |
p |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |10 |
eṣaḥ + consonant --> eṣa + consonant (11)
syaḥ + consonant --> sya + consonant (11)
saḥ + consonant --> sa + consonant (11)
Chart 3: Names of Sandhi Rules
Sūtra |Name of the Sandhi
10 |Pratiloma-Anvakṣara
11 |Anuloma-Anvakṣara
15-19 |Praśliṣṭa
21 |Kṣaipra
24-25 |Padavṛtti
27-28 |Udgraha, Udgraha-Padavṛtti (initial vowel is long)
31 |Bhugna
32 |Udgrahavat
33 |Pancāla-Padavṛtti (o+a), Prācya-Padavṛtti (e+a)
34-50 |Abhinihita
51-67 |Prakṛti-Bhāva (Pragṛhya and special words)
68-77 |Nipātita (irregular)
Examples from the Puruṣa Sūkta (RV 10.90):
Praśliṣṭa:
vṛtvā | ati --> vṛtvāti
daśa-angulam --> daśāngulam
eva | idam --> evedam
uta | amṛta-tvasya | īśānaḥ --> utāmṛtatvasyeśānaḥ
annena | ati-rohati -->annenātirohati
mahimā | ataḥ -->mahimātaḥ
asya | amṛtam -->asyāmṛtam
asya | iha | abhavat --> asyehābhavat
asya | āsīt --> asyāsīt
pra | aukṣan --> praukṣan
ca | ubhayādataḥ --> cobhayādataḥ
ca | agniḥ --> cāgniḥ
sapta | asya | āsan --> saptāsyāsan
Kṣaipra:
ati | atiṣṭhat --> atyatiṣṭhat
vi | akrāmat --> vyakrāmat
ati | aricyata --> atyaricyata
vi | adadhuḥ --> vyadadhuḥ
vi | akalpayan --> vyakalpayan
pratimāni | āsan --> pratimānyāsan
Padavṛtti:
devāḥ | ayajanta --> devā ayajanta
sādyāḥ | ṛṣayaḥ --> sādyā ṛṣayaḥ
asvāḥ | ajāyanta --> asvā ajāyanta
jātāḥ | ajāvayaḥ --> jātā ajāvayaḥ
kau | ūrū iti --> kā ūrū
pādau | ucyete iti --> pādā ucyete
nābhyāḥ | āsīt --> nābhyā āsīt
tanvānāḥ | abadhnan --> tanvāhā abadhnan
Udgrāha:
ūrdhvaḥ | ut --> ūrdhava ut
grīśmaḥ | idhmaḥ --> grīśma idhmaḥ
sarva-hutaḥ | ṛcaḥ --> sarvahuta ṛcaḥ
Udgrāha-Padavṛtti:
puruṣaḥ | eva --> puruṣa eva
Pancāla-Padavṛtti:
vi-rājaḥ | adhi --> virājo adhi
jātaḥ | ati --> jāto ati
vasantaḥ | asya --> vasanto asya
śūdraḥ | ajāyata --> śūdro ajāyata
sūryaḥ | ajāyata --> sūryo ajāyata
Abhinihita:
pādaḥ | asya | viśvā --> pādo’sya viśvā
pādaḥ | asya | iha --> pādo’syeha
brāhmaṇaḥ | asya --> brāhmaṇo’sya
Prakṛti-Bhāva:
śāsanānaśane iti | abhi --> śāsanānaśane abhi
Pratiloma-Anvakṣara:
yat | annena --> yadannena
tri-pāt | asya --> tripādasya
tri-pāt | ūrdhvaḥ | ut | ait --> tripādūrdhva udait
vi-rāṭ | ajāyata --> virāḻajāyata
āsīt | ājyam --> āsīdājyam
pṛṣat-ājyam --> pṛṣadājyam
tasmāt | ajāyata --> tasmādajāyata
tasmāt | aśvāḥ --> tasmādaśvāḥ
tat | asya --> tadasya
mukhāt | indraḥ --> mukhādindraḥ
āsīt | antarikṣam --> āsīdantarikṣam
Anuloma-Anvakṣara:
saḥ | bhūmim --> sa bhūmim
saḥ | jātaḥ --> sa jātaḥ