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Growing a food forest has many health benefits, as fruit can be picked and eaten fresh rather than waiting in storage and transportation for long periods, another benefit is that no plastic packaging is required. A multi-layered food forest or forest garden is low-maintenance, sustainable, and based on natural forest ecosystems. Planting a food forest will provide food, habitat, and even temperature control.
There’s an old Chinese proverb that says, “The best time to plant a tree is twenty years ago. The second best time is now.”
When planting a forest garden consider using trees and plants that are best suited for your region. Native trees are already adapted to the local climate and will bring biodiversity to your garden. Many native edible plants were not adopted commercially by big-scale industries because they have a short shelf life or don’t transport well.
Research should be done on each plant before growing potentially toxic plants in neighborhoods with small children and livestock. Also, consider that the plant kingdom hosts many look-alikes, so it’s best to consult your nursery before planting unmarked seeds or plants.
It is not always feasible to plant only native trees so below is a list drought drought-resistant and hardy fruit trees to help you on your food forest journey.
Note: Many trees such as the mango trees will need support for a few years until they are established. Mango trees can have a tap root of up to 20m below ground and are then able to use underground water during droughts.
Edible: Fruit
Description: Palm tree- 30m tall (dioecious)
Native to: The Arabian Peninsula
Growing: Drought tolerant once established and frost tolerant to -8 degrees. Slow growing. Starts to bear fruit after 2-3 years. Often hand-pollinated.
Edible: Fruit
Description: Fast-growing Cactus 3m tall
Native to: Southern Mexico
Growing: Drought-tolerant, frost-sensitive, frost-sensitive. Cannot Self-fertilise. Invasive in other countries.
Edible: Fruit
Description: Tree 6-9m tall (dioecious)
Native to: Southern Africa
Growing: Drought, frost & saline tolerant. Can be grown into a Hedge.
Edible: Fruit
Description: Fast-growing tree 24m tall (dioecious)
Growing: Not as drought resistant as other fruit trees, frost tolerant. Messy fruit so should not be planted near sidewalks and paths. Can be invasive.
Toxicity: Milk sap is mildly toxic
Edible: Nut
Description: Desert tree 6-9m tall (dioecious)
Native to: Greece, Syria, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, and western Afghanistan.
Growing: Resistant to drought and frost (to -14°C)
Edible: Fruit
Description: Creeping vine
Native to: The Mediterranean
Growing: Drought-resistant and can tolerate heat easily. New growth is sensitive to spring frost.
Edible: Fruit
Description: Cactus 5-7m tall
Native to: The Americas
Growing: Drought and frost hardy (-6°C to 65°C). Invasive in other countries.
Edible: Fruit
Description: Deciduous shrub 5-10m tall
Native to: The Mediterranean
Growing: Resistant to drought and frost (to -12°C)
Edible: Fruit
Description: Large shrub 7-10m tall
Native to: the Mediterranean & Asia
Growing: Drought resistant, frost tender as the plant will die back with frost but grow again in the summer. Fig wasps are not present to pollinate in colder regions such as the British Isles.
Edible: Fruit
Description: Shrub 4m
Native to: Tropical and Southern Africa.
Growing: Drought-resistant, frost tender young plants needs protection. Can be cut into a hedge.
Toxicity: Leaves and stems produce toxic sap
Edible: Pods
Description: Tree 25m tall
Native to: Dry tropical Africa
Growing: Drought, aerosol salt resistant but frost sensitive.
Edible: Fruit, flowers, leaves, seed
Description: Large tree 15-30m tall
Native to: Southeastern Asia
Growing: Grows a large tap route up to 20m to find ground water which makes it drought tolerant once established, frost tender.
Edible: Fruit
Description: Small tree 8-15m tall
Native to: Mediterranean & Asia Minor
Use: Raw or fresh olives are naturally very bitter; to make them palatable, olives must be cured and fermented.
Growing: Drought & frost (-12°C) tolerant
Edible: Fruit
Description: A vigorous, evergreen climber, growing up to around 5m tall.
Native to: Central and northwestern South America
Use: Fruit can be eaten raw once fully ripe (purple) or used in deserts. The pulp is the edible part of the fruit. It contains vitamins A, C, and K, phosphorus, iron, and calcium.
Growing: Drought Tolerant once established, frost-sensitive so be sure to protect it during cooler temperatures.
Toxicity: Leaves and unripe fruit can be toxic.
Help plant fruit trees in villages to improving food security.
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