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Grow a garden for butterflies.
Butterflies are one of the world’s most loved insects, they often light up your garden. There are over 800 butterfly species found in Southern Africa. Of these, approximately 50% are endemic to South Africa.
If you would like to encourage butterflies into your garden, then it is a good idea to provide food plants for the caterpillars as well as for the adult butterflies. Many caterpillars feed on specific host plants, you can help butterfly conservation by planting these plants in your home garden.
Butterflies start life as tiny eggs, many of which are laid on the undersides of leaves or tree branches. It is important not to throw away fallen winter leaves as you may also be throwing away butterfly eggs or pupa, also known as a chrysalis. Leaves can be used in gardens as mulch which will eventually become rich compost.
The golden rule for a butterfly-friendly garden is to avoid using herbicides and pesticides. Using these will often kill butterflies at both the larval and adult stages.
Different butterflies forage for nectar at different heights. It is good to have a range of butterfly food and nectar plants in your garden from tall shrubs, which bring height at the back of the borders, and smaller spreading plants which can be also be placed in pots. It is also a good idea to research how big each host plant gets before planting them in smaller gardens.
Here is a list of some South African butterflies and their host plants. Consider adding to your butterfly-friendly garden.
Description: The wings are velvety black from the base, with or without two short transverse orange bars and a blue patch at the top. The hindwing is blue shaded with velvety black towards base; with two postdiscal black white-centred orange and black-ringed ocellus (eyelike colored spots) in interspace, with a round minutely white-centred velvety-black spot (sometimes absent).
Native to: Africa and Southeast Asia.
Host plants: African custard apple (Annona senegalensis), Creeping foxglove (Asystasia intrusa/Asystasia gangetica), Graderia subintegra, and Plectranthus species.
Description: The upper side is yellow with an outer marginal black band.
Native to: It is found in Africa, India, other parts of Asia, and Australia.
Host plants: Fishbone Dwarf (Cassia Chamaecrista mimosoides) and Small Hypericum (Hypericum aethiopicum)
Description: The upper side is bright yellow. The forewing has a broad triangular jet-black projection downwards The hindwing is similar with a large brilliant blue spot.
Native to: Africa and Southeast Asia.
Host plants: Creeping foxglove (Asystasia intrusa/Asystasia gangetica), Veld violet (Ruellia cordata), Adhatoda densiflora, Barleria pungens, and Chaetacanthus setiger.
Description: The wingspan is 20–29 mm for males and 27–31 mm for females. Larvae are attended to by Pheidole capensis ants.
Native to: South Africa
Host plants: Aspalathus species such as Rooibos tea plant (Aspalathus linearis). Aspalathus variegata was last collected in 1898 on the Cape Flats and is now thought to be extinct. Some species are only known from single collections from remote or inaccessible places.
Description: A medium to large dark blackish brown and orange butterfly, with a forewing length of 40–44 mm.
Native to: Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, across to the west in Central African Republic, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, and all of southern Africa down to Eastern Cape Province.
Host plants: Pod mohogony (Afzelia quanzensis) & Pride-of-De-Kaap (Bauhinia galpinii)
Description: The wingspan is 45–55 mm in males and 50–60 mm in females. The basic colour of the upperside wings is tawny or orange tawny, with a basal area slightly paler or pale ochre yellow. The unscaled veins and the costal edge of forewing are green.
Native to: Afrotropical realm (Sub-Saharan Africa)
Host plants: Forest fever-berry (Croton sylvaticus), lavender fever berry (Croton gratissimus Burch), and Croton megalocarpus.
Description: The wingspan is 75–90mm in males and 85–95mm in females. The upperside wings look to be black with a blue (male) or greenish (female) median band.
Native to: South and East Africa
Host plants: White ironwood (Vepris lanceolata), Cape Chestnut (Calodendrum capense), and Perdepis (Clausena anisata)
Description: The wingspan is 24–28 mm for males and 24–27 mm for females.
Native to: South East Africa
Host plants: Buffalo thorn (Ziziphus mucronata), and dwarf buffalo-thorn (Ziziphus zeyheriana)
Description: The pirate butterfly, has a wingspan of 50 to 63 mm. It's dorsal color is orange with rows of dark bands in the forewing and blue spots surrounded by darker brown in the hindwing.
Native to: Tropical and Subtropical Africa
Host plants: Creeping foxglove (Asystasia gangetica/Asystasia intrusa), Barleria opaca and Justicia protracta.
Two pip-policeman - Photo by Deborah Gray
Description: The female has a larger abdomen and more rounded wings.[3] The wingspan is 55–65 mm for males and 63–70 mm for females.
Native to: Sub-Saharan Africa
Host plants: River indigo (Indigofera jucunda), moth-fruit (Acridocarpus natalitus), river bushwillow (Combretum erythrophyllum), Sphedamnocarpus pruriens, and Marsdenia sylvestris.
Description: The wingspan is 30–40 mm for males and 35–45 mm for females.
Native to: Southern Africa (Dry savanna).
Host plants: Round leaf bloodwood (Pterocarpus rotundifolius), and Pterocarpus brenanii.
Description: The wingspan is 55–60 mm in males and 60–65 mm in females. The markings of the upper surface green.
Native to: East Africa
Host plants: Wild custard apple (Annona senegalensis)
Description: The wingspan is 53–57 mm for males and 59–63 mm for females.
Native to: South Africa from the East Cape to KwaZulu-Natal, and Transvaal, Zimbabwe and eastern Africa.
Host plants: Northern large large-leaf dragon tree (Dracaena steudneri), and Large leaf dragon tree (Dracaena aletriformi).
Description: The wingspan is 65–70mm in males and 70–90mm in females.
Native to: Africa from Saudi Arabia to South Africa.
Host plants: African False Currant (Allophylus africanus)
Description: The wingspan is 48–56 mm in males and 50–60 mm in females.
Native to: It is found in southern Africa.(Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa)
Host plants: Knobthorn (Senegalia nigrescens), and Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
Description: The wingspan is 90–110 mm in males and 100–120 mm in females.
Native to: Sub-Saharan Africa
Host plants: Cape Chestnut (Calodendrum capense) and Perdepis (Clausena anisata)
Description: A large white/green butterfly, with a wingspan of 65–80 mm for males and 75–90 mm for females. The base colour of the upper surface of the wings is greenish white with a violet sheen in the wet-season form, and pearly white in the dry-season form.
Native to: Central and East Africa
Host plants: Creeping foxglove (Asystasia gangetica), Giant sage (Brilliantasia), and buckweed (Isoglossa woodii)
Description: The wingspan is 65–80 mm for males and 70–95 mm for females. The wings look black with blue spots.
Native to: South and East Africa
Host plants: Mountain ironwood (Craibia brevecaudata), Thorny Elm (Chaetachme aristata), Shiny leaf (Rhamnus prinoides), Cape quince (Cryptocarya woodii), Cat thorn (Scutia myrtina), and Forest iron plum (Drypetes gerrardii)
Description: The wingspan is 65–72mm for males and 80–90mm for females.
Native to: It is found in South Africa, from KwaZulu-Natal to Eswatini and the north-eastern Limpopo, north into eastern Africa.
Host plants: Dune Soapberry (Deinbollia oblongifolia)
Description: The wingspan is 25–32.5 mm for males and 26.5–34 mm for females.
Native to: South Africa, from the Eastern Cape along the coast to KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini, the Free State, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, Limpopo, North West provinces, and part of the Northern Cape province. It is also present in Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Mozambique.
Host plants: Sourplum (Ximenia caffra), Turkey-berry (Canthium inerme), and Tinderwood (Clerodendrum glabrum).
Description: The wingspan is 40–45 mm for males and 43–55 mm for females.
Native to: It is found in KwaZulu-Natal, Zululand, Transvaal, Eswatini, Zimbabwe and from Botswana to Somalia.
Host plants: Apple-leaf (Philenoptera violacea) Wild custard apple (Annona senegalensis), Hibiscus tiliaceus, Cola natalensis, Bridelia cathartica, and Bridelia micrantha.
Description: The wingspan is 32–38 mm for males and 35–40 mm for females.
Native to: Tropical and subtropical Africa. It is found in Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, Zambia, southern Zaire, Tanzania, south-western Kenya and the east of South Africa.
Host plants: Hairy mistletoe (Erianthemum dregei) a parasitic plant.
Description: The wingspan is 55–60 mm in males and 60–65 mm in females.
Native to: Tropical Africa
Host plants: Wild custard apple (Annona senegalensis), and Small cluster pear (Uvaria caffra).
Description: The wingspan is 36–41 mm for males and 35–45 mm for females.
Native to: East Africa
Host plants: Round leaf bloodwood (Pterocarpus rotundifolius), and Pterocarpus brenanii.
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