Sept. 14 Nature of Science

Nature of Science

Observing the five visible sides, determine what is on missing face on the bottom of the cube. Make a claim about what you think is on the missing face (which number and what color is the face). Support your claim with as many lines of evidence (patterns) as you can find. (There are at least eight lines of evidence to support most claims made for what is on the missing face of this cube. Some lines of evidence or patterns can be quite simple but still used to support your claim.)

Hypothesis Cube 1 - https://stemazing.org/hypothesis-cube-1/

Hypothesis Cube 2 - https://stemazing.org/hypothesis-cube-2/

How is Culture Defined?

1. Keri Vacanti Brondo, Cultural Anthropology: Contemporary, Public, and Critical Readings. 2nd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press. (2020)
   "The unique beliefs, behaviors, norms, values, ideas, and actions that are taken for granted as one's shared way of life"

2. What is Culture?. (2014, May 27). The Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA). Retrieved July 25, 2014, from http://www.carla.umn.edu/culture/definitions.html

Culture is defined as the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive constructs, and affective understanding that are learned through a process of socialization. These shared patterns identify the members of a culture group while also distinguishing those of another group.

3. Lederach, J.P. (1995). Preparing for peace: Conflict transformation across cultures. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.

"Culture is the shared knowledge and schemes created by a set of people for perceiving, interpreting, expressing, and responding to the social realities around them" (p. 9).

4. Banks, J.A., Banks, & McGee, C. A. (1989). Multicultural education. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

"Most social scientists today view culture as consisting primarily of the symbolic, ideational, and intangible aspects of human societies. The essence of a culture is not its artifacts, tools, or other tangible cultural elements but how the members of the group interpret, use, and perceive them. It is the values, symbols, interpretations, and perspectives that distinguish one people from another in modernized societies; it is not material objects and other tangible aspects of human societies. People within a culture usually interpret the meaning of symbols, artifacts, and behaviors in the same or in similar ways."

5. Damen, L. (1987). Culture Learning: The Fifth Dimension on the Language Classroom. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

"Culture: learned and shared human patterns or models for living; day- to-day living patterns. These patterns and models pervade all aspects of human social interaction. Culture is mankind's primary adaptive mechanism" (p. 367).

6. Kroeber, A.L., & Kluckhohn, C. (1952). Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. Harvard University Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology Papers 47.

"Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e. historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, and on the other as conditioning elements of further action.

"Kluckhohn, C., & Kelly, W.H. (1945). The concept of culture. In R. Linton (Ed.). The Science of Man in the World Culture. New York. (pp. 78-105).

7. "By culture we mean all those historically created designs for living, explicit and implicit, rational, irrational, and nonrational, which exist at any given time as potential guides for the behavior of men."

Culture lessons come from https://sites.google.com/view/5die-culture/our-phenomenon?authuser=0

Used with permission from Cindy Kern