Multiple Alleles / Blood Type Simulator

How to Use the Multiple Alleles / Blood Type Punnett Square Simulator

1. Enter Parent Genotypes

• Look for the two boxes at the top of the page.

• In the first box labeled "Parent 1 Genotype," type one of the following codes: IAIA, IAi, IBIB, IBi, IAIB, or ii.

• In the second box labeled "Parent 2 Genotype," type one of the same codes.

• Click the "Generate Gametes" button to see the possible egg and sperm cells (gametes) for each parent.

2. See Gametes

• After you click the button, you’ll see gametes (like IA, IB, i, etc.) listed in two sections below.

• One section shows Parent 1's gametes, and the other shows Parent 2's gametes.

3. Complete the Grid

• Look at the 3x3 grid below the gametes.

• The top two boxes in the grid (boxes 2 and 3) are colored blue. The left two boxes in the grid (boxes 4 and 7) are colored green.

• Click the "Auto Complete" button to fill in the grid. This will show you all the possible combinations of the gametes.

4. Analyze Results

• After the grid is filled, you can see how often each combination appears in the grid.

• Click the "Analyze Ratios" button to find out the ratios for each type of genotype (genetic code) and phenotype (blood type).

• The results will show up below in colored boxes. Each genotype and phenotype will have a different color to help you see them clearly.

5. Understand the Results

• The colors will help you easily see which genotypes and phenotypes are most common.

• Genotypes are the genetic codes (like IAIA), and phenotypes are the blood types (like A blood type).

Example:

If you type IAIA for Parent 1 and IBIB for Parent 2, the grid will show all possible combinations of these gametes, and the analysis will tell you how many of each blood type you might get.

Feel free to try different genotypes for both parents to see how the results change!