Recently, in a study of Peer-led Team Learning , it was suggested by Chan & Bauer that the positive impact of Peer-led Team Learning that has been observed in over twenty five published studies can be attributed in to "self selection". While their implementation of PLTL appears to be well planned and executed, and well received by the students, some questions of facts and methodology are raised. We also discuss this study in the context of self-determination theory . Our primary conclusion is that the Chan & Bauer study is limited in scope as it excluded less motivated students - those who can be most helped by participating in PLTL.