This page will showcase the range of research I carried out to support the development of my magazine. It includes my research plan and initial ideas, along with both primary and secondary research. This covers analysis, relevant outings, and investigations into the skills I needed to develop - such as software use, writing techniques, and magazine conventions. I also explored key topics and target audience insights to ensure my magazine was well-informed and professionally developed.
RESEARCH PLANS
Below is my research plan for my Unit 12 research report. I went into more detail when it comes to what I will do for each category of research and the specific sub-themes that I thought would help looking into for this project.
The research plan was helpful for future research (For my FMP) because it provides a clear framework and direction for exploring the chosen theme. It breaks down the different aspects of the project—such as themes, sub-themes, primary and secondary research, and audience analysis—which ensures that no key areas are overlooked. This structured approach is something that I think will save me time during future research by outlining specific tasks, like conducting interviews, creating surveys, and analysing existing works, making the process more efficient and focused.
Additionally, the plan highlights potential resources and techniques, such as the use of Google Forms or analysing published stories, which can be expanded upon as the research develops. It helps to identify gaps in knowledge and ensuring that future efforts remain aligned with the project’s goals. By having this plan in place, my future research will be more targeted, ensuring that every step taken directly contributes to achieving a deeper understanding of what makes an effective magazine and effectively conveying my research.
This research plan outlines the areas I aim to explore for the research section of my FMP, along with the methods I’ll use to investigate them. Creating this plan has given me a starting point and a clear foundation for my research process. As the project develops, I may update the plan and add or remove topics based on their relevance and importance.
PRIMARY RESEARCH
Contacting Journalists
This section includes a selection of questions and answers from interviews I conducted with Callum Bains and Kathy Bailles, both of whom are professional journalists. My tutor assisted me in making contact with them, which provided a valuable opportunity to gain insights from experienced professionals in the field. The purpose of these interviews was to deepen my understanding of what makes a magazine engaging and successful. I focused particularly on feature articles, as they are a key form of writing that I plan to include in my own magazine. By learning more about how to craft compelling articles and connect with readers, I hoped to gather useful advice and techniques to inform my project and help me develop my skills in journalism.
Strengths and Weaknesses
I found that my primary research was strengthened by the advice I received from professional journalists Callum Bains and Kathy Bailles. Their practical tips on interviewing, writing, and creating engaging feature articles gave me valuable insights that are directly relevant to my FMP. I think their responses helped me understand what makes good magazine content and how to capture and hold a reader's attention. However, I realize that the small sample size limits the range of perspectives I gathered, and some of the advice leaned more toward news journalism than magazine-specific writing. I also feel that I could have asked more detailed questions, especially about understanding target audiences and integrating visual elements. Expanding my research in these areas could give me a broader understanding and strengthen my project further.
Did this help my research? Yes
Did this develop me as a writer? Yes
Lessons for the future: Next time I will ask more specific questions based on my form of a magazine in order to gain a more specific insight,
Overall, for this research: +
This part of my research, provided me with a deeper understanding of the editorial processes that contribute to creating an engaging magazine. In one of the interviews, I spoke to a journalist who specialises in writing feature articles. From this conversation, I learned that a key component of a successful feature article is its ability to connect emotionally with the reader. The journalist emphasised the importance of choosing compelling topics that are both relevant and engaging. This reinforced the idea that to create an engaging magazine, the content must be tailored to the interests and emotional needs of the audience. Moreover, the journalist shared that understanding audience preferences and focusing on niche topics is crucial for maintaining engagement, especially when writing features. This advice proved to be extremely helpful, as it allowed me to rethink how I would approach the editorial aspect of my magazine. I now understand that content alone is not enough to make a magazine engaging; it is the ability to resonate with readers that will keep them coming back for more.
Trip to Oxford Brookes
One piece of primary research I conducted was during a trip to Oxford with my family. During this trip, we visited Oxford Brookes University, due to my interest in their Journalism course. I took this opportunity to conduct some research. During a talk about the course from a Journalism, print, and media lecturer, I decided to interview a student about the work they were doing, specifically writing feature articles. As I think that feature articles are very prevalent as a form of writing in magazines, I thought this information would be interesting and helpful during my creative journey.
⬆️ Students I talked to/interviewed about writing feature articles
Interview Questions and Responses
Below I have included the questions I asked a student called Emma, and her responses:
What do you think makes a good feature article?
"Personally, when I am writing a feature I try to engage the reader's emotions or interests quickly and reward them for reading. Keeping in mind your audience is also key."
How do you identify your specific audience?
"I try to stick to something somewhat niche to write about - having a specific topic and sticking to it maintains engagement for a specific audience and keeps them interested"
Do you find news articles or feature articles more interesting to write?
"They both have their key differences, specifically when it comes to timing and language. I personally prefer to focus on a specific topic and zoom in on it, which is why feature writing is often something that piques my interest more."
If you had to give one piece of advice for a student writing a feature article, what would it be?
"A captivating story is one of the most important things to keep in mind. No one wants to read about something vague and uninteresting as it appeals to no one. Try to spark emotion in your piece and make sure you have conducted relevant information such as statistics and interviews to support your points."
Strengths and Weaknesses
I think this piece of primary research was useful because it provided me with direct insights from a journalism student actively writing feature articles, which ties closely to my FMP. Emma’s responses helped me understand the importance of engaging emotions, targeting a niche audience, and crafting captivating stories—key elements for writing feature articles in magazines. I also appreciated her practical advice about using statistics and interviews to add depth. However, one limitation of this research is that it reflects just one student’s perspective, which may not fully represent broader journalistic practices. I could have asked more detailed follow-up questions to explore other aspects of feature writing, such as visual design and structure, and interviewing more students would have broadened the scope of my findings.
Did this help my research? Yes
Did this develop me as a writer? Yes
Lessons for the future: I would ask a broader range of questions next time.
Overall, for this research: +
Visiting the Beaney Museum
To begin the research for my project, a few of my classmates and I decided to take a trip to the Beaney House of art and Knowledge. This is an art museum located along Canterbury Highstreet. The reason for going to The Beaney was simply to find inspiration, as towards the beginning of the project we had little to no idea of the direction we wished to take it in – we went here in hopes of finding just one small thing that would spur on an idea. The museum contained a range of art and artifacts, alongside its own library which was filled with all kinds of literature from fiction to non-fiction. I found that scouting out different types of published work helped me to understand what kind of writing I wanted to include in my project.
Visiting The Beaney Museum helped shape the early stages of my project by exposing me to how culture, identity, and aesthetics are represented through both art and literature. Seeing a range of artwork - from Edvard Munch’s emotionally intense print to classic portraits like William Salter Herrick’s - made me think more deeply about how fashion is more than clothing; it's a symbol of time, status, and social values. This links directly to my article ideas, especially “Fashion and Oppression” and “Traditional Dress Around the World,” because many of the historical pieces reflected how fashion communicates power or cultural identity. The museum’s library also offered a variety of published works, which helped me understand the tone and format of non-fiction writing I could use in my own articles. Overall, the visit gave me a strong starting point for thinking about how visual art and historical context can enrich fashion journalism.
SECONDARY RESEARCH
Analysing Successful Magazines
To begin my secondary research, I decided to analyse existing successful magazines, especially those related to fashion, lifestyle, and similar genres that I might want to include in my final project. I have looked at their content structure, visual style, layout, and the themes that resonate with their audiences. I have also studied both print and digital magazines to see how they differ in engagement strategies.
Vogue Magazine
Visual Style & Layout:
Print Version: Vogue's print version is known for its high-end, elegant layout. It employs a minimalist style with large, high-quality images that make a strong visual impact. The cover photo often features an iconic celebrity or model, and there’s a clear focus on fashion, luxury, and sophistication. Bold typography is frequently used for headlines, and the magazine maintains a consistent color palette that speaks to its luxury brand.
Digital Version: The digital version uses a similar high-end aesthetic but is more interactive. There are sliding galleries, interactive fashion features, and a focus on shorter articles optimized for quick reads. The website is designed with an emphasis on mobile-first design, making it easy for readers to browse while on the go.
Content Structure:
Print Version: Vogue often has a structured content flow with fashion spreads and feature articles in the first few pages, followed by lifestyle pieces (health, beauty, culture) in the later sections. They also include a mix of interviews with designers, celebrities, and experts in the industry
Digital Version: The digital platform is more dynamic, offering real-time updates on fashion news, behind-the-scenes content, and immediate access to trends. Articles are often broken into shorter, digestible segments with visual elements like videos, GIFs, and Instagram feeds integrated into the content.
Themes that Resonate with Audiences:
Vogue appeals to its audience by focusing on luxury, celebrity culture, and cutting-edge fashion. It also explores themes like inclusivity, sustainability, and empowerment. The content often focuses on elevating the reader’s lifestyle, encouraging them to aspire to a glamorous yet accessible world of fashion.
Harper Bazaar Magazine
Content Structure:
Print Version: The print magazine has a blend of fashion editorial, beauty advice, and cultural commentary. It’s structured into clear sections: the front of the book (which includes quick reads like beauty news, trend alerts, and horoscopes), followed by longer features, interviews, and in-depth style guides.
Digital Version: The digital version mirrors the print version in its structure but includes more interactive elements like "how-to" fashion videos, pop culture updates, and fashion forecasting that’s updated regularly to reflect current trends.
Visual Style & Layout:
Print Version: The layout is sleek and polished, with a heavy emphasis on high-fashion imagery. It uses a balanced mix of text and visuals, and each feature is designed to draw attention to the fashion elements. The typography is classic but modern, with clear distinctions between the feature articles and the smaller sections like beauty or lifestyle.
Digital Version: The website layout is more modular, with feature articles presented as clickable modules. Visual content is highly prominent on the homepage, with fashion galleries, style guides, and video content easily accessible. There’s also an emphasis on social media integration, which keeps the website connected to ongoing conversations.
Themes that Resonate with Audiences:
Harper’s Bazaar resonates with its readers through a refined approach to beauty, wellness, and self-empowerment. It often focuses on fashion as a form of self-expression and encourages its readers to stay ahead of trends while emphasizing inclusivity. Much like Vogue, it embraces both luxury and attainable fashion while also tackling global issues like sustainability.
Strengths and Weaknesses
The strength of this magazine analysis research is that it looks at successful fashion and lifestyle magazines, giving me a good idea of how they structure their content, their visual style, and how they engage readers, both in print and online. This helped me understand what works well in keeping an audience interested. However, a weakness is that I only looked at a few magazines, and I didn’t get direct feedback from readers on what they like.
Did this help my research? Yes
Did this develop me as a writer? No
Lessons for the future: Next time, I would analyze a wider range of magazines and try to get feedback from readers through surveys or focus groups. This would give me a clearer picture of what really appeals to different audiences.
Overall, for this research: +
Another key area of my research involved analysing successful magazines to understand their content structures and design choices. I analysed magazines such as Vogue, and Harper Bazzar, which are known for their strong editorial content and visually appealing layouts. These magazines have successfully built loyal audiences through a combination of exceptional storytelling, creative visuals, and a consistent brand identity. By studying these examples, I learned the importance of consistency in theme and design. Vogue, for example, uses high-fashion imagery and sophisticated design elements to attract readers who are interested in the latest fashion trends. What struck me the most was how both magazines maintain a clear visual focus while offering diverse content that appeals to different aspects of their readers' interests. The switch between content, visuals, and branding made me realise that for a magazine to be engaging, it must have a strong editorial direction while remaining visually captivating. This reinforced the idea that a magazine must offer both substance and style to succeed in a competitive market.
Demographic Research
For my next part of my secondary research, I wanted to explore different demographics to improve my understanding of magazine reading ages, audience preferences, and popular elements of a magazine. To achieve this, I researched various past surveys and research reports from recent years, with each survey focusing on different aspects relevant to my report.
'Magnetic Media' magazine research report ⬇️
This article from Magnetic explores magazine consumption in the UK, showing that 72% of adults read magazine content monthly, either in print or online. It emphasizes the trust readers place in magazine brands, with print playing a vital role alongside digital engagement.
Popular content themes include food, travel, home, fashion, and health. It also highlights that magazine ads resonate well with audiences, influencing consumer behavior. This research is useful in understanding magazine readership trends, trusted content, and audience engagement.
'Fipp.com' - 'Magazine Readers prefer print' research survey ⬇️
This research showed me how magazine demographics are divided when it comes to format preferences. It highlighted that older readers tend to prefer print magazines, while younger audiences are more inclined toward digital formats.
This was helpful because it gave me a clearer idea of how different age groups engage with magazines, which will help me when thinking about the target audience for my own magazine. It also made me consider the importance of balancing both print and digital formats to attract a wider readership.
For this secondary research I looked into print and digital publishing formats, examining how these two mediums are different in terms of audience engagement. One of the most surprising findings was that despite the rise of digital media, print magazines continue to hold a significant place in readers' lives, especially among older demographics. This was contrary to my initial assumption that digital formats had completely overtaken print. Through studies and statistics, I learned that print magazines are still highly valued for their tactile experience and ability to provide a break from digital screens. This insight shifted my perspective on magazine publishing and made me consider how my final project could incorporate both print and digital formats to cater to a wider audience. I now see the potential for combining the immediacy of digital media with the nostalgic and immersive qualities of print magazines. This could allow me to create a magazine that offers the best of both worlds and appeals to a diverse readership.
In addition to these insights, I also considered how technological advancements are influencing the future of magazine publishing. Digital magazines, for example, offer interactive elements such as video, hyperlinks, and social media integration, which create a more dynamic reading experience. As a result, I now understand that an engaging magazine must consider both the content and how that content is delivered. While print offers a more traditional experience, digital magazines can offer a more interactive and multi-dimensional engagement with readers. This understanding will affect how I approach the distribution of my magazine in the future, considering how to make the content both accessible and immersive for readers across multiple platforms.
Comparing Fashion in Journalism Publications
In order to inform the tone, structure, and approach of my own articles, I examined how two established publications (The Telegraph and Dazed) present fashion within a wider cultural and social context. Both sources cover fashion beyond aesthetics and how it looks, connecting it to identity, politics, and global issues, but they do this in very different ways. This comparison helps me understand how fashion journalism can adapt to different audiences, purposes, and visual styles. It also gives me insight into the kind of balance I want to strike in my own writing - between analytical depth and creative storytelling.
'The Telegraph' Example 2
This article examines the underrepresentation of people of color and women in executive roles within the British fashion industry, highlighting systemic inequalities and the need for inclusive leadership.
'The Telegraph' Example 1
This piece critiques the marketing tactics of ultra-fast fashion brands,(Such as Missguided) connecting fashion consumption to class inequality, environmental degradation, and mass consumption/production. It talks about expert commentary, statistics, and consumer behaviour analysis to frame fashion as part of a broader economic system.
'Dazed' Magazine Example 1
This piece talks about UK-based designers who draw on their cultural heritage to create fashion that challenges traditional narratives and explores themes of identity and belonging.
'Dazed' Magazine example 2
In this article, Black creatives discuss how Black dandyism serves as a means of honouring heritage and asserting personal identity through fashion
Style and Approach: 'DAZED'
First-person narratives, interviews with emerging voices
Strong visual identity - the fashion photography leads to storytelling
Celebrates creativity, diversity, and personal expression
Less formal, more immersive and emotionally resonant
Style and Approach: 'THE TELEGRAPH'
Investigative and analytical tone
Uses expert opinions, policy references, and historical context to aid in educating the reader
Visuals are supportive but minimal and don't overpower the article.
Focused on the impact of fashion on people, society, and the environment
'The Guardian' and 'Dazed' report on fashion in different ways because they have different styles and audiences. The Guardian often looks at fashion through a political or social lens, focusing on issues like sustainability, diversity, and the influence of money and power in the fashion world. The writing is clear and more informative, aimed at a wide audience that wants thoughtful analysis. On the other hand, Dazed focuses more on creativity and youth culture. It highlights new designers, underground trends, and how fashion connects to identity, art, and self-expression. The tone is more experimental and artistic, using visuals and storytelling to engage a younger, style-conscious audience. These differences show how fashion can be explored both as part of larger social issues and as a form of personal or cultural expression. This contrast shows how fashion journalism can serve very different purposes: The Guardian prioritizes awareness and accountability, while Dazed emphasizes self-expression and cultural evolution. I will take elements from both publications in my FMP in order to balance critical depth with creativity and visual engagement.
Article Topic Research/ Case Studies
In this section I have explored real-world examples that demonstrate the deeper cultural and political significance of fashion. By looking at how clothing is used both as a form of identity and as a tool for resistance, these case studies help connect my research to broader global issues. These insights are very useful as I develop articles for my magazine that focus on themes such as fashion under oppression and traditional dress around the world, and the global importance of certain outfit combinations.
Fashion Under Oppression – The Iranian Hijab Protests
Information Highlighted sourced from: https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/fatemah-shams-how-irans-hijab-protest-movement-became-so-powerful?
In Iran, clothing regulations have long been a tool of state control, particularly targeting women. The mandatory hijab law, enforced since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, requires women to cover their hair and dress modestly in public. Non-compliance has often led to severe consequences, including arrest and detention by the morality police.
"A pivotal moment occurred in September 2022 with the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini while in custody for allegedly violating the hijab law. Her death ignited nationwide protests under the slogan "Women, Life, Freedom," highlighting the intersection of gender, bodily autonomy, and state oppression." These protests saw women publicly removing their hijabs and cutting their hair as acts of defiance. "Scholar Fatemeh Shams noted that this movement is distinct in its leaderless structure and its focus on women's rights, transcending previous economic grievances."
The Iranian hijab protests underscore how enforced dress codes can serve as instruments of systemic oppression, and how fashion choices become powerful symbols of resistance and identity.
Traditional Dress Around the World – The Sari in India
Information Highlighted sourced from: https://www.roughguides.com/gallery/traditional-dress/?
The sari is one of the most iconic traditional garments in India, symbolising cultural heritage, regional identity, and social status. A sari is a single piece of fabric, usually ranging from five to nine yards, draped elegantly around the body in various styles, often reflecting regional traditions.
In India, the sari transcends social and economic boundaries, worn by women across different elements of society. "From simple cotton saris worn in rural areas to elaborate silk versions donned during special occasions, the sari embodies versatility and cultural significance. Its enduring presence in Indian society highlights the importance of traditional dress in expressing identity and preserving cultural narratives."
The sari's continued relevance in modern India illustrates how traditional attire can adapt to contemporary fashion trends while maintaining its cultural essence.
From exploring these case studies, it became clear to me that fashion is far more than just a form of self-expression - it plays a key role in reflecting cultural identity, resisting control, and preserving history. The case study on fashion under oppression that particularly focused on Iranian women protesting compulsory hijab laws, showed how clothing can become a silent but powerful form of protest. Wearing items like bright colours, jeans, or removing the headscarf entirely in public spaces became symbolic acts of resistance. This case highlighted how dress can challenge authority and give voice to those experiencing social or political restrictions.
The second case study, on traditional dress around the world, revealed how clothing is often tied to cultural pride and heritage. Examples such as the Sari worn in India demonstrates how garments carry historical meaning and continue to hold social significance today. These items are often worn during important ceremonies or festivals, and they serve to preserve cultural traditions across generations. However, this research also showed how traditional dress is sometimes at risk due to globalisation and modern fashion trends, raising questions about authenticity and cultural sustainability.
Overall, these case studies deepened my understanding of how fashion communicates more than appearance as it can shape identity, connect communities, and act as a subtle but impactful form of resistance or celebration. These insights will help inform the articles in my magazine, particularly the ones exploring global perspectives on dress and its wider social meaning.
The Global Impact of T-Shirt and Jeans
Information Highlighted sourced from:
Origins and Influences
The T-shirt originated in the late 19th century as an undergarment for laborers seeking comfort in warmer climates. "Its transformation into outerwear was significantly influenced by cultural icons like Marlon Brando and James Dean, who popularized the T-shirt as a symbol of youthful rebellion in the 1950s."
Jeans, initially designed as durable workwear for miners and cowboys in the 19th century, gained mainstream popularity in the 20th century. "The introduction of "Lady Levi's" in 1935 marked a significant shift, bringing denim into women's fashion and establishing it as a versatile wardrobe essential."
Cultural Significance
The T-shirt and jeans ensemble transcended its utilitarian roots to become a canvas for personal expression. In the 1980s and 1990s, musicians and subcultures adopted this combination to convey messages of resistance and identity. "Rappers like N.W.A. and grunge bands such as Nirvana utilized the simplicity of T-shirts and jeans to reflect authenticity and countercultural sentiments." The adaptability of this pairing allowed it to permeate various fashion movements, from punk to streetwear, solidifying its status as a symbol of individuality and nonconformity.
Modern Relevance
Today, the T-shirt and jeans combination remains a cornerstone of fashion, embraced by celebrities and everyday individuals alike. "Figures like Jennifer Aniston continue to showcase the effortless appeal of this duo, blending classic pieces with modern accessories to create timeless looks." Fashion publications consistently highlight the versatility of this ensemble, emphasizing its ability to adapt to evolving trends while maintaining its foundational simplicity.
The long-living popularity of the T-shirt and jeans combination emphasises its significance as more than just a fashion choice - it can represent a universal language of style that goes further than most people would think. Its evolution from workwear to a symbol of personal expression illustrates the dynamic nature of fashion and its capacity to reflect shifts in society.
Fashion Trends and Recession (Fashion and Economics)
Information Highlighted sourced from:
Fashion trends often mirror the prevailing economic climate, adapting to shifts in consumer behaviour and financial realities. During periods of economic downturn, such as recessions, the fashion industry typically experiences a move towards practicality, minimalism, and timeless styles.
The rise of "Recession Core" and Quiet Luxury
Economic uncertainty often leads consumers to prioritise value and longevity in their clothing choices. "This shift has given rise to trends like "recession core" and "quiet luxury," characterized by neutral tones, understated designs, and high-quality materials."
" Items such as trench coats have become emblematic of this movement, offering versatility and enduring style. Financial influencers highlight these pieces as smart investments due to their low cost-per-wear and resale value . "
Impact on Retail and Consumer Behaviour
The economic downturn has also affected retail dynamics, with many consumers turning to resale platforms and second hand markets to find affordable yet stylish options. This trend reflects a broader move towards sustainability and conscious consumption. "The fashion industry has also seen a decline in extravagant designs, with brands focusing on classic silhouettes and functional apparel to meet the changing demands of consumers ."
Designers' Adaptation to Economic Challenges
Designers and fashion houses have responded to the recession by making more mainstream collections and emphasising quality over quantity. The focus has shifted to creating pieces that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also practical and durable. "This approach aligns with consumers' desire for clothing that offers both style and substance during financially challenging times."
The connection between fashion and economics is evident in how trends evolve in response to financial pressures. Recessions prompt a reevaluation of consumer priorities, leading to a preference for timeless, versatile, and high-quality clothing. Understanding this relationship is crucial for fashion professionals aiming to navigate the industry during economic fluctuations.
Japanese Fashion
Information Highlighted sourced from:
https://www.wired.com/story/the-world-ends-with-you-street-fashion-japan-harajuku/?
https://fashionhopp.com/gyaru-makeup-the-gyaru-makeup-trends-for-2024/?
https://www.yakuzaclothing.co/blogs/news/2024-japanese-fashion-trends-a-blend-of-tradition-and-innovation?
Japanese fashion has long been a source of inspiration and innovation, blending traditional aesthetics with contemporary trends. "In recent years, subcultures like Gyaru, anime-inspired styles, and street fashion have gained global attention, influencing fashion scenes worldwide." This case study explores how these unique Japanese styles have impacted global fashion, particularly during economic downturns when consumers seek affordable yet expressive clothing options.
"Originating in the 1990s, Gyaru fashion is characterized by its bold makeup, tanned skin, and glamorous outfits. Substyles like Ganguro and Manba pushed these elements to the extreme, creating a distinctive look that challenged traditional beauty standards." In recent years, Gyaru has seen a resurgence, with modern interpretations embracing its core principles of individuality and rebellion. This revival aligns with a global shift towards personal expression in fashion, especially during times of economic uncertainty when consumers prioritize unique, statement-making pieces over mass-produced items.
Anime and manga have significantly influenced Japanese fashion, with characters often showcasing distinctive styles that fans emulate. This phenomenon has led to the rise of cosplay and everyday fashion inspired by popular series. "Brands have capitalized on this trend by collaborating with anime franchises, creating collections that blend fictional aesthetics with real-world wearability. During economic recessions, such collaborations offer consumers affordable ways to express their fandom and individuality, contributing to the global spread of anime-inspired fashion."
Harajuku, a district in Tokyo, is renowned for its eclectic street fashion, where various subcultures converge. "Styles like Decora, Lolita, and Visual Kei have emerged from this vibrant scene, each with its unique aesthetic." The emphasis on DIY fashion and thrifted clothing in these subcultures promotes sustainability and affordability, resonating with global audiences seeking cost-effective yet distinctive styles during economic downturns.
Japanese subcultural fashion has transcended its origins, influencing designers and consumers worldwide. "Elements of Gyaru, anime-inspired, and Harajuku styles have been incorporated into Western fashion, leading to new hybrid trends. The adaptability and creativity inherent in these Japanese styles offer consumers a means to maintain personal expression without significant financial investment, making them particularly appealing during times of economic hardship."
The global influence of Japanese subcultural fashion underscores the universal desire for self-expression, especially during challenging economic periods. By offering affordable, creative, and distinctive styles, Japanese fashion subcultures provide a blueprint for individuality that resonates with consumers worldwide. As economic uncertainties persist, the appeal of these expressive fashion movements is likely to grow, further cementing their place in the global fashion landscape.
Shock Fashion - When does Fashion go too far?
Information Highlighted sourced from:
https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/sep/13/lady-gaga-meat-dress-vmas?
https://www.thesun.co.uk/tvandshowbiz/34855046/kanye-west-nazi-rant-kim-kardashian/?
Fashion has always been a platform for self-expression, but sometimes it ventures into territory that shocks, provokes, or even offends. This phenomenon, known as "shock fashion," pushes boundaries to challenge societal norms, spark conversations, or simply get attention. While it can be a powerful tool for commentary, it also raises questions about the limits of expression in the fashion world.
"At the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, Lady Gaga donned a dress made entirely of raw beef, designed by Franc Fernandez." The outfit was met with widespread criticism from animal rights groups and the public. "However, Gaga explained that the dress was a political statement against the U.S. military's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy, symbolizing the dehumanization of individuals. She stated, "If we don't stand up for what we believe in... we're going to have as much rights as the meat on our bones."
Kanye West, known for his boundary-pushing fashion choices, has often stirred controversy. "His wife, Bianca Censori, has appeared in public wearing outfits that some describe as provocative or unconventional." These fashion choices have sparked debates about the line between artistic expression and public decency. While some view their style as bold, others see it as a deliberate attempt to shock and provoke.
"Shock fashion often walks a tightrope between meaningful commentary and mere sensationalism. Designers and artists use it to challenge perceptions, but when does it become gratuitous? The key lies in intent and execution". When shock value serves a purpose, it can lead to important discussions. However, when it's used just for attention, it risks undermining the message and alienating audiences.
Shock fashion remains a potent force in the industry, capable of driving conversations and challenging norms. It can definitely be an effective tool for expression, but it's essential to consider the impact and intent behind such choices.
SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
Characteristics and Techniques of a Feature Article
This section focuses on my research into feature articles, which I conducted to deepen my understanding of this journalistic form. I explored the key elements that make a feature article engaging and effective, analysing structure, tone, and storytelling techniques used by established writers. My goal was to understand how feature articles balance factual reporting with narrative depth to captivate readers. By studying expert advice and well-regarded examples, I aimed to identify the techniques that make this form compelling and apply them to my own writing.
Below is a mind map that I created, focusing on the key elements of a feature article that I was already aware of from past lectures, and writing feature articles for projects in the past. Creating this was helpful when it came to remembering the key conventions and beginning my research.
Below are links to the relevant lectures, slideshows and weekly blogs that I looked at when creating this mind map:
Recognised Skills by Journalists
In this section, I explore tips and techniques used by professional journalists to improve my own feature writing skills. Understanding how experienced writers approach structure, interviewing, research, and storytelling gives me a strong knowledge and foundation as I begin to develop my own articles. These insights will directly shape my writing style, article layout, and approach to sourcing and interviews throughout my FMP. Below I have put together all the advice that I have gathered while researching these writers and journalists
Sources
Shani Raja Advice: How to Be a Better Writer at Work | TIME
Jo Marchant Advice: Jo Marchant: How to Write (Long) About Science | WIRED
Ed Yong Advice: Journalism Advice — Ed Yong
Hadley Freeman Advice: Hadley Freeman: ‘Cancel culture is worse for women — it’s disgraceful’ | The Standard
This section of research has given me a valuable insight into professional level writing techniques that I can apply to my own articles. Each journalist featured offers unique advice on what makes creates, effective journalism writing. For example, Shani Raja's emphasis on simplicity and avoiding overly complex language highlights the importance of clarity, ensuring that my work remains accessible to a broad audience. This is especially useful when discussing potentially niche topics in fashion or culture. Jo Marchant’s focus on emotional engagement emphasises how important it is to connect with readers on a personal level, especially when covering subjects with human interest. Her advice encourages me to use storytelling as a tool to make my writing more relatable and memorable.
Similarly, Ed Yong's approach to curiosity and chasing compelling stories pushes me to be more investigative in my research and follow leads that genuinely interest me. His advice on avoiding jargon also reminds me to keep my writing approachable, even when addressing more complex ideas. Hadley Freeman, with her strong personal voice and cultural writing experience, shows how authenticity and personality can make an article stand out. Her advice to “be funny, be real, but don’t be sloppy” reminds me that tone and honesty are just as important as structure. Altogether, this research not only sharpens my writing as a whole but also shapes my personal voice and ethical approach to journalism throughout my FMP.
Online Youtube Video Course
For my next part of skills and techniques research, I decided to search Youtube for videos that demonstrate advice when attempting to create a magazine. I have written my notes below from this specific video and how it helped my creative learning process.
These tips offer a well-rounded approach to magazine design, focusing on aesthetics, readability, and audience engagement. Each tip emphasises the importance of clarity, structure, and visual appeal in creating a magazine that will capture and maintain the reader’s attention. The advice highlights that good magazine design goes beyond just making things look pretty; it’s about creating a cohesive and easy to navigate experience for the reader. In the future, I would apply these principles to my own magazine project, making sure to incorporate elements that will resonate with my target audience and using tools like layout design software to create a polished, cohesive magazine. I would also consider testing the designs with a small group to get feedback on the user experience and how well the magazine engages them. Below are my notes that I took while watching the video.
Video Notes ⬇️
Know Your Audience
Research and understand your target audience before you start designing. Their preferences, interests, and expectations should guide your design choices.
Create a Strong Cover
The magazine cover is the first impression. It should grab attention and clearly reflect the content inside.
Use Consistent Layouts
Consistency in the layout across pages helps readers navigate the magazine easily. Consistent margins, typography, and spacing contribute to a professional and readable design.
Balance Text and Images
Maintain a balance between text and imagery. Use visuals to complement and support the content rather than overcrowding pages.
Focus on Typography
Good typography is essential for readability and aesthetic appeal. Choose fonts that match the magazine's tone, and use different font sizes for hierarchy and emphasis.
Use Color Strategically
Colors should be chosen carefully to reflect the theme of the magazine and evoke the right emotions. Use a limited color palette to maintain consistency.
Make It Visually Hierarchical
Your layout should visually guide the reader’s eye from the most important to the least important content. Use headings, subheadings, and design elements like lines or boxes to direct focus.
Incorporate Engaging Photography
Use high-quality, relevant images that tell a story. Avoid stock photos unless they fit perfectly within the context of the magazine.
Pay Attention to Spacing and Margins
Adequate white space makes the content feel less cluttered and easier to read. Margins should be even and consistent across pages.
Design for Print and Digital
While designing, always consider both print and digital formats. The design should look good in both mediums, ensuring readability and visual appeal across different platforms.
Strengths and Weaknesses
The strengths of this research are that it gave me useful advice on how to design a magazine, covering things like layout, typography, and how to engage the audience. The video was easy to follow and helped me understand what makes a magazine look good and attract readers. However, one weakness is that the advice was more general and didn’t focus specifically on fashion magazines or their audience
Did this help my research? Yes
Did this develop me as a writer? No
Lessons for the future: Next time, I would look at more fashion-specific magazines and maybe talk to people who work in the fashion magazine industry to get more detailed insights.
Overall, for this research: +
TARGET AUDIENCE RESEARCH
Google Forms Survey
To gain a deeper understanding of audience preferences and expectations when it comes to magazines, I created this survey as part of my primary target audience research. The goal of the survey is to explore what makes magazines interesting, engaging, and appealing to different types of readers. It covers various aspects, such as preferred content topics, reading frequency, visual preferences, and what readers believe contributes to a captivating magazine experience.
The responses gathered will help shape my understanding of what audiences value most in magazine design and content, allowing me to make more informed creative decisions as I develop my own magazine ideas. The survey includes a mix of qualitative and quantitative questions to ensure I capture both detailed insights and measurable data.
By analysing this feedback, I hope to identify key trends, preferences, and expectations that can guide me in creating engaging, relevant, and visually appealing magazine content.
Below are images of the results from my Google Forms Survey, which are displayed via a Google spreadsheet.
Strengths and Weaknesses
The survey I conducted had several strengths, such as reaching a diverse audience and offering a variety of question types that provided both qualitative and quantitative insights. The questions were relevant to my research, focusing on what makes a magazine engaging and interesting, and the survey was easy to complete. However, there were some weaknesses, including a relatively small sample size and some vague or overly general answers that limited the depth of responses. Additionally, the survey's distribution was somewhat biased as it was shared mainly within my own network.
Did this help my research? Yes
Did this develop me as a writer? No
Lessons for the future: In the future, I would aim to increase the sample size by reaching a broader audience, refine my questions to be more specific, and include demographic questions to better analyse varying preferences. To encourage more detailed responses, I could offer incentives or follow-up interviews to gather deeper insights.
Overall, for this research: +
For this section of my primary research, I conducted a survey to understand audience preferences. I distributed the survey to a diverse group of individuals to gain a broad view of what readers find compelling in magazines. The responses helped me identify key factors that make magazines appealing, such as well-designed layouts, visually striking covers, and content that resonates with a specific audience. Readers expressed a preference for magazines that focus on niche topics, offering in-depth exploration of subjects they care about. This gave me a clearer understanding of how critical it is to tailor a magazine’s content to a specific demographic to ensure long-term engagement. It also revealed that readers appreciate a balance of high-quality writing and engaging visuals. This insight was particularly valuable because it helped me identify the importance of combining content and design to create a cohesive and engaging magazine experience. Additionally, it pointed to the importance of using design elements strategically to guide the reader's attention and support the overall editorial content, which I plan to implement in my final project.
Customer Profiles
As the second part of my target audience research, I explored what makes up a customer profile, how they are used, and why they’re important - especially when creating content aimed at a specific audience. I wanted to understand how audience profiling can help shape the tone, style, and topics of written pieces. After learning more about this, I created my own profile of my target readers. This will help guide my writing to better meet their interests and expectations, making sure that the themes in my fashion articles—like cultural dress, fashion and economics, and style as self-expression—are relevant and engaging.
"A customer profile is a document that contains key information about your ideal customer. You can use it as a strategy guide to creating personalised experiences. There are two business types of customer profiles: business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-customer (B2C). The data you collect for client profiles will vary depending on whether you’re a B2B or B2C company.
B2B customer profiles map the typical business that buys your goods or services, including the company’s size, industry, location, revenue and target audience. The profile may also include decision makers at the company. B2C customer profiles focus on individual customers and feature demographic data like age, gender and lifestyle preferences."
(Definition above from What is a customer profile? Guide, examples and templates)
Since my writing is aimed at individual readers, I focused on B2C profiling.
In fashion journalism, just like in book publishing, I think that it’s important to know who you’re writing for before you start. This knowledge can shape everything - from your tone and subject matter to how you structure your articles. It also influences visual choices like layout or design, and how and where your work is shared. One technique that helped me build my own customer profile is the Ideal Reader Profile (IRP). This method involves creating a detailed description of one imagined reader. Thinking of my audience as a single person helps me stay focused and write in a way that feels more direct, personal and relevant.
Example 1
This example uses a simple and clear layout, which makes it easier to understand the core details of each area you want to find out. I find this approach useful as a starting point when developing a customer profile - it provides a basic structure you can later expand on. If you were creating multiple profiles, the simplicity of this format would also help you compare key similarities and differences more easily. I would treat this kind of profile like the beginning of character development: you start with the essentials, then build a fuller picture as you go.
Example 2
This customer profile is a strong example of how to clearly outline a target audience using both personal detail and structured information. It shows her lifestyle, interests, and specific challenges, like wanting DIY costumes but lacking confidence or disliking cheap-looking outfits. The layout is simple but effective, breaking down her behaviours, goals, and needs in a way that makes it easy to see how a product (or in my case, a written piece) can meet her expectations.
Creating my own Customer Profile
As part of my writing process, I’ve created a reader profile to help me better understand who I’m writing for. This will help to guide the tone, themes, and format of my articles, which explore fashion through cultural, economic, and political lenses. By focusing on one ideal reader, I can tailor my content to be more engaging and relevant, just as a brand might target its ideal customer.
Age: 21
Occupation: University Student (Fashion and Cultural Studies)
Marital Status: Single
Location: Brighton, UK
Leila is a thoughtful, curious student who is passionate about social justice, identity, and creative expression. She’s currently studying how fashion connects to wider global issues, such as colonial history, gender politics, and youth culture. In her spare time, she reads fashion articles on Vogue and The Guardian, enjoys indie magazines, and shares opinions on TikTok and Instagram. She’s working on her own magazine and likes writing that is bold, honest, and well-researched.
Engages with fashion through a political and cultural lens.
Attends university lectures, fashion shows, and exhibitions
Follows fashion journalists and reviewers online.
Shares interesting articles with peers and on social media
Shops second-hand and values ethical sourced products
Discover thoughtful, critical writing about fashion
Find new voices who challenge the norm
Stay informed on the intersection of fashion, politics, and culture
Use fashion knowledge in her own academic and creative work
Feels mainstream fashion media often ignores deeper issues
Struggles to find content that’s both academic and accessible.
Overwhelmed by trends that lack meaning or context.
Wants more global perspectives in fashion writing
Articles with reliable research and a unique voice
A balance of analysis and storytelling
Representation of diverse cultures and identities
Clear structure with engaging visuals or quotes
Creating this reader profile helped me clarify exactly who my writing is for and what they expect. Through imagining my ideal customer, I was able to focus on the kind of reader who values fashion not just as style, but as something deeply connected to culture, politics, and identity. It showed me the importance of balancing a well written article with accessibility, and why it’s also important to include global and diverse perspectives. It also reminded me to keep my writing grounded in real-world relevance in order to offer both insight and inspiration to readers like her, who are looking for something more than surface-level fashion commentary.
Reader Engagement within Fashion Communities
To further understand my target audience, I conducted an additional piece of secondary research focusing on reader engagement and discussions within fashion communities. This involved analysing conversations on platforms like Reddit's r/femalefashionadvice, which offers valuable insights into the interests and concerns of fashion enthusiasts, and what they would be interested in reading.
Example 1:
This comment indicates a demand for detailed discussions on fashion trends, designers, and the intersection of fashion with culture.
The fact that they are willing to learn and read about the intersection of fashion and culture reinforces my project ideas and helps me to understand that there is and audience that are actively searching for these more in-depth topics about fashion that I am planning to write about.
Example 2:
Discussions around sustainable fashion are prevalent, with users seeking affordable and ethical clothing options.
This reflects a growing concern for environmental impact and a demand for accessible sustainable fashion, which is something that I am willing to explore in some of my articles.
Example 3:
From reading through this sub Reddit page, I have found that users often share their journeys in developing personal style, emphasising experimentation and self-discovery, as well as how their personals tyle differs depending on where they are living at that time. These narratives highlight the dynamic nature of personal style and its connection to life experiences and being surrounded by different cultures.
These insights have helped me to reinforce the importance of addressing themes such as authenticity, sustainability, and personal growth/influence of different cultures in fashion narratives. By incorporating real-life experiences and concerns, my project can resonate more deeply with my ideal target audience, offering more relatable and meaningful content.
PRODUCTION RESEARCH
Over the past year of college, I’ve taken on key responsibilities in running our student newspaper and have also taken part in several work experience opportunities. These experiences have helped me realise just how important the production process is - especially when your work is going out to the public. A major example is the student-led newspaper - because it’s entirely managed by students, we are responsible for sourcing, writing, and editing all the content to ensure it’s appropriate for publishing. This requires strong communication across the team and a willingness to offer feedback and support wherever needed, especially being the chief editor and social media manager. Working on the newspaper has taught me a lot about how essential a well-managed production process is. While these experiences have given me some valuable insights, I know there’s still a lot I don’t fully understand, particularly when it comes to how things work in a professional publishing environment. That’s why I’ve chosen to research more about the different roles involved in magazine publishing, and to explore the full process of producing and publishing a publication.
Production Roles
To start my production research, I chose to focus on the key roles involved in creating a magazine. This approach helps me make sure I don’t overlook any essential steps when developing my article collection.
Editorial Department
In magazine publishing, the editorial team ensures all written material meets a professional standard, aligns with the magazine’s tone, and appeals to its intended audience.
Key Roles and Real World Examples:
Junior Editor / Assistant Editor
"Entry-level editors often handle fact-checking, research, proofreading, and occasionally pitch ideas. At Vogue, junior editors support senior writers with trend research and copy-editing." (Source: Condé Nast)
Editor / Senior Editor
"Senior editors at publications like 'The New Yorker' or 'i-D' guide story development and ensure coherence across issues. For instance, Chioma Nnadi, head of editorial content at British Vogue, is known for overseeing how stories reflect cultural identity and modern style narratives." (Source: https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/sep/18/chioma-nnadi-to-replace-edward-enninful-as-head-of-british-vogue?)
Managing Editor
"This role oversees editorial schedules and quality control. At 'The Atlantic', managing editors coordinate across departments to align visual and written content, maintaining both creativity and deadlines."
(Source: The Atlantic: Careers )
Design Department
Design shapes the visual identity of a magazine, influencing how stories are interpreted by the reader. From typography to layout, this department transforms content into a cohesive and aesthetic experience.
Key Roles and Real World Examples:
Design Assistant/Junior Designer
"Junior designers typically support layout adjustments, asset management, and typography work. At 'Dazed', design interns and junior designers contribute to visual research and initial mock-ups during editorial meetings." (Source: Dazed Media Careers | Dazed Media )
Senior Designer Art Director
"Art Directors shape the overall look and feel. Phil Bicker, a former senior photo editor at "TIME Magazine" and "The New York Times Magazine", curated iconic layouts blending visuals with strong editorial themes." (Source: WPPI 2025 Photography Expo ).
Creative Director/Head of Design
"Creative Directors like Edward Enninful at British Vogue (before becoming Editor-in-Chief) balance commercial goals with storytelling. They work with photographers, illustrators, and stylists to bring stories to life visually" (Source: August 2020 Issue News and Features | British Vogue ).
How this applies to my project
Given that I’m producing a print-style fashion and culture magazine as part of my FMP, I’ve chosen to focus on editorial and design roles in particular. These two departments are directly relevant to my process:
I’ll be acting as both editor and designer - writing, proofreading, and curating the content while also designing page layouts using InDesign.
I will take inspiration from the structure used by independent magazines like 'Dazed' or 'Vogue', which are known for minimalist design and thoughtful editorial tone.
While I won’t be engaging in proper publishing or distribution, I think that understanding these professional roles gives me a stronger foundation for independent production and sets realistic ideas for completing my project.
Publishing and Producing a Magazine
In this section, I have explored the professional processes involved in producing and publishing a magazine. By understanding how real life publications manage everything from planning and editing to design and distribution, it helps me to build a clearer picture of what it takes to bring a magazine to life. By researching industry workflows and examples from established magazines, I can apply professional methods to my own FMP. This research also supports the practical side of my work and gives me a better understanding of the roles, timelines, and standards expected in editorial production.
To begin, I looked at several online articles and guides written by industry professionals. These resources break down key stages like planning, editing, publishing, and distribution. They give me insight into how actual publishing companies work and what steps are needed to create a successful magazine. This helps me apply professional methods to my own project and improves the quality of my final outcome.
'The Magazine Production Company'
This article by Dean Cook explains the general steps involved in producing a magazine, including planning, editorial contribution, advertising, sales, and production. It highlights how all departments must work together on a clear timeline to keep costs low and ensure quality. I found it especially helpful for understanding the behind-the-scenes coordination needed in professional publishing.
Key Points:
Planning is Crucial: Effective planning ensures that editorial contributors, advertising sales, and production artists can deliver their parts on time, maintaining smooth operations and minimizing costs.
Collaborative Effort: The magazine production process involves various departments working simultaneously, including editorial, advertising, and production teams.
Standardized Workflow: While processes may vary between publications, a basic formula is generally followed to ensure consistency and quality.
Overall, this article emphasises the importance of coordination among different teams to meet deadlines and produce a cohesive magazine, as well as highlighting that in-depth planning is essential to avoid delays and additional costs.
'Blurb Blog'
This guide focuses on the self-publishing route. It covers everything from choosing your content and layout software to printing and selling your magazine. It’s useful for writers who want to take full control of their work and publish independently, which is helpful for my FMP since I’m managing the project myself.
Key Points:
Page Counts: Ensure total pages are divisible by four for proper binding.
Spine Design: Avoid text on the spine; use images or solid colours instead.
Cover Design: Invest in a compelling cover with high-impact visuals and concise headlines.
Layout Considerations: Design across spreads, not just individual pages, and maintain adequate margins.
To summarise, this article guide encourages thinking of magazines as versatile tools for storytelling and showcasing work. It also provides practical advice on design elements to enhance reader engagement and aesthetic appeal.
Software to help Produce a Magazine
In this section, I’ve explored different types of software that can support the production of a magazine. Learning about these platforms has helped me understand how professionals put together high-quality publications and how I can apply similar tools to improve my own project. I’ve included both software I’ve personally used and others I’ve discovered through research, highlighting what they do and how they can be useful during different stages of magazine production.
Software I have Used
Throughout my college writing journey, I’ve experimented with a variety of software tools to support and enhance my creative process. This includes platforms designed specifically for writing, as well as tools for spelling, grammar, audio, and visual content, allowing me to explore different ways of presenting my work. Below, I’ve noted down some of the software I’ve personally used, along with research into other recommended tools that I’m interested in trying out.
Software Recommended for me
While researching production, I found a website called learn.selfpublishing.com. This website provided detailed information on various writing software, including the pros and cons of each. As I explored their recommendations, I came across a useful quiz designed to help users find the software that best suits their needs. The quiz asked questions about the type of project you’re working on, the challenges you face, and the features you’d like to have in a writing app. I have attatched images of my results below.
"ProWritingAid is a suite of tools for writers that will provide you with actionable advice to craft, polish, and elevate your writing. ProWritingAid will suggest different ways to improve the style and readability of your writing, as well as grammar and spelling mistakes."
(From: What Is ProWritingAid and How Does It work? - ProWritingAid Help Center)
From my research on learn.selfpublishing.com, I gained a better understanding of the different writing software available to support the production process. The website broke down the strengths and weaknesses of each option, which helped me consider what tools might best suit my writing needs.
After completing the quiz provided on the site, I was recommended ProWritingAid as the most suitable tool for my workflow. This software offers an all in one solution for editing, checking grammar, improving sentence structure, and enhancing the clarity of your writing. According to the ProWritingAid Help Centre, the platform provides “actionable advice to craft, polish, and elevate your writing,” making it especially useful for maintaining high editorial standards.
This finding showed me how using professional tools can help the writing and editing process. It also helped me realise how important it is to choose the right software depending on your project’s goals and your personal challenges as a writer, espescially when it comes to writing feature articles for my project.
VISUAL DESIGN
Analysing Existing Magazines
This section focuses on analysing design elements within successful published magazines in order to see how they contribute to a magazine’s overall style and readability. By looking closely at how professional publications structure their pages, use imagery, select typography, and balance colour, I can better understand what makes a design visually appealing and functional. It also helps me gather inspiration and ideas that I can apply to my own magazine project.
Application to my Project
After analysing these magazine covers, I can now better understand how layout, colour, typography, and imagery work together to create a strong first impression. I focused on well-known fashion publications like Dazed, Color and Allure, and each of these offered useful inspiration, especially in how they communicate brand identity and appeal to their target audience through design.
I noticed that successful magazine covers usually feature a bold main image, a clear and recognisable masthead, and carefully placed cover lines. The colour palettes often reflect seasonal trends or the theme of the issue, while the typography helps set the tone, whether it's minimal and elegant, or bold and modern.
These insights influence my own magazine project, as I plan to apply similar principles to make sure my cover is visually striking and communicates the global fashion theme clearly. Even without professional photography, I’ll focus on strong composition, type choices, and colour coordination to make sure that my design is engaging and polished.
Design Principles
This section focuses on developing visual design of my magazine by researching professional layout techniques. To make sure my magazine not only reads well but also looks visually appealing and well-structured, I looked into how real magazines are designed. I looked at an article called “Anatomy of a Magazine Layout” from Yes I’m a Designer. It breaks down the essential parts of a magazine spread and helped me understand how to build strong, effective layouts. By learning from this, I was able to apply professional design strategies to my own work and improve how my content is presented on the page.
Reading this article from 'Yes I’m a Designer' was really helpful in developing the visual design for my project. It broke down all the key parts that go into creating an effective magazine layout and explained them clearly. I found this incredibly useful as I started putting together my own pages, especially because I wanted my magazine to feel professional but still reflect my personal style.
One of the most helpful parts was the list of common editorial elements like kickers, stand-firsts, bylines, and pull-quotes. I hadn’t really thought about all the smaller parts that make up a layout before, but now I understand how each one plays a role in grabbing the reader’s attention and making the content easier to follow. I’ve started using features like stand-firsts and pull-quotes in my layouts because they help break up the text and guide the reader through the page.
The article also explained the importance of layout structure, like how readers naturally focus more on the upper and outer parts of a magazine spread. Knowing that, I’ve been more careful with where I place my headlines, main images, and key information. It’s helped me design my pages in a way that feels more balanced and draws the reader in from the start.
It also talked about some design rules I hadn’t really thought about before, like keeping lines of text between 50–70 characters long, and making sure there are clear entry points into the page (like bold subheadings or drop caps). These tips have made my writing more readable and visually appealing. I also learned that choosing the right font size and spacing can make a big difference, especially when trying to keep readers engaged.
Overall, reading this article helped me approach the design side of my magazine in a much more thoughtful way. It gave me a checklist of ideas and techniques that I’ve used throughout my project to make sure everything looks clean, readable, and professional. It’s been a great guide and has definitely improved how I present my written work.
RESOURCES AND REFERENCES
Primary Research
Oxford Brookes University. (2021). Media, Journalism and Publishing. [online] Available at: https://www.brookes.ac.uk/courses/undergraduate/media-journalism-and-publishing [Accessed 24 Mar. 2025].
an (2017). What makes an engaging magazine research survey. [online] Google Docs. Available at: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc10z2-iW183jMaETAF0R2lM5-DY1a0lSduklzeUo6FTc1Rhg/viewform?usp=header [Accessed 24 Mar. 2025].
Canterbury Museums & Galleries. (n.d.). The Beaney House of Art & Knowledge, Canterbury. [online] Available at: https://canterburymuseums.co.uk/the-beaney/.
Secondary Research
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Harper's Bazaar (2019). Harper’s Bazaar UK homepage | Fashion, beauty, art, culture, travel. [online] Harper’s BAZAAR. Available at: https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/.
Jones, G. (2024). 39m adults read magazine content online and in print every month - magnetic.media. [online] magnetic.media. Available at: https://magnetic.media/news-views/news/39m-adults-read-magazine-content-online-and-in-print-every-month.
Gavin, J. (2022). Magazine readers prefer print. [online] FIPP. Available at: https://www.fipp.com/news/magazine-readers-prefer-print/#.
Mohammed, H. (2020). How Missguided became a fast fashion phenomenon, £1 bikinis and all. [online] The Telegraph. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/style/missguided-became-fast-fashion-phenomenon-1-bikinis/?msockid=0372fe17274e62012600ebd52634634d [Accessed 2 May 2025].
Dazed (2022). The new guard of young designers interrogating cultural identity. [online] Dazed. Available at: https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/55241/1/new-guard-young-uk-designers-interrogating-cultural-identity-heritage.
Jackson, L. (2019). Is diversity in the fashion industry just a trend? [online] The Telegraph. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/diversity-fashion-industry-just-trend/?msockid=0372fe17274e62012600ebd52634634d [Accessed 2 May 2025].
Dazed (2025). 12 Black creatives on what Black dandyism means to them. [online] Dazed. Available at: https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/66731/1/met-gala-2025-12-black-creatives-on-what-black-dandyism-means-to-them [Accessed 2 May 2025].
Chotiner, I. (2022). How Iran’s Hijab Protest Movement Became So Powerful. [online] The New Yorker. Available at: https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/fatemah-shams-how-irans-hijab-protest-movement-became-so-powerful? [Accessed 3 May 2025].
Chotiner, I. (2022). How Iran’s Hijab Protest Movement Became So Powerful. [online] The New Yorker. Available at: https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/fatemah-shams-how-irans-hijab-protest-movement-became-so-powerful?.
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Nast, C. (2018). Fashion History 101: The Classic T-shirt And Jeans Combo. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/t-shirt-jeans-fashion-classic.
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https://www.facebook.com/peoplemag (2025). The Outfit Formula Jennifer Aniston Keeps Wearing — and Everything You Need to Copy It for Under $50. [online] People.com. Available at: https://people.com/jennifer-aniston-cuffed-jeans-crossbody-bag-t-shirt-clogs-may-2025-11727029? [Accessed 3 May 2025].
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Weisman-Pitts, J. (2025). Recession Fashion: The Business of Minimalism in Economic Downturns. [online] Global Banking And Finance Review. Available at: https://www.globalbankingandfinance.com/recession-fashion-the-business-of-minimalism-in-economic-downturns? [Accessed 3 May 2025].
Anon, (2019). Home | WPPI. [online] Available at: https://wppiexpo.com/.
Nast, C. (2020). August 2020 Issue. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/tags/august-2020-issue [Accessed 5 May 2025].
Teitelbaum, R. (2021). Story and Street Style Converge in ‘The World Ends With You’. [online] WIRED. Available at: https://www.wired.com/story/the-world-ends-with-you-street-fashion-japan-harajuku/? [Accessed 11 May 2025].
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Skills and Techniques
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Raja, S. (2016). 3 Tips To Become A Better Writer. [online] TIME. Available at: https://time.com/4461560/writing-tips-work-success/.
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Yong, E. (2020). Ed Yong. [online] Ed Yong. Available at: https://edyong.me/new-page.
Strick, K. (2023). Hadley Freeman: ‘Cancel culture is worse for women — it’s disgraceful’. [online] The Standard. Available at: https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/hadley-freeman-author-journalist-interview-free-speech-b1105347.html [Accessed 3 May 2025].
Ferrier, M. (2023). Chioma Nnadi to replace Edward Enninful as head of British Vogue. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/sep/18/chioma-nnadi-to-replace-edward-enninful-as-head-of-british-vogue? [Accessed 5 May 2025].
Target Audience Research
an (2017). What makes an engaging magazine research survey. [online] Google Docs. Available at: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc10z2-iW183jMaETAF0R2lM5-DY1a0lSduklzeUo6FTc1Rhg/viewform?usp=header [Accessed 24 Mar. 2025].
Galic, D. (2023). What is a customer profile? Guide, examples and templates. [online] Zendesk. Available at: https://www.zendesk.co.uk/blog/create-data-rich-customer-profile/#.
Reddit.com. (2025). Blocked. [online] Available at: https://www.reddit.com/r/femalefashionadvice/comments/19cuezc/my_personal_style_lessons_thoughts_aka_ive_taken/? [Accessed 3 May 2025].
Reddit.com. (2024). Reddit - The heart of the internet. [online] Available at: https://www.reddit.com/r/femalefashionadvice/comments/1dukx2c/affordable_sustainable/? [Accessed 3 May 2025].
Reddit.com. (2025). Reddit - The heart of the internet. [online] Available at: https://www.reddit.com/r/femalefashionadvice/comments/1k90bh3/where_to_find_in_depth_fashion_analysis/? [Accessed 3 May 2025].
Production Research
Blurb Blog. (2019). How to Publish Your Own Magazine or Digital Magazine. [online] Available at: https://www.blurb.com/blog/how-to-publish-a-magazine/.
Cook, D. (2022). What is the magazine production process. [online] www.magazineproduction.com. Available at: https://www.magazineproduction.com/what-is-the-magazine-production-process.
help.prowritingaid.com. (n.d.). What Is ProWritingAid and What Does It Do? - ProWritingAid Frequently Asked Questions. [online] Available at: https://help.prowritingaid.com/article/25-what-does-prowritingaid-do.
Selfpublishing.com. (2025). Writing Software Assessment Result - Prowritingaid. [online] Available at: https://learn.selfpublishing.com/sps-lm-software-quiz-prowritingaid [Accessed 9 May 2025].
Theatlantic.com. (2020). The Atlantic: Careers. [online] Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/careers/careers [Accessed 5 May 2025].
Dazedmedia.com. (2024). Dazed Media Careers | Dazed Media. [online] Available at: https://www.dazedmedia.com/careers.
www.condenast.com. (n.d.). Condé Nast - Careers. [online] Available at: https://www.condenast.com/careers.
Visual Design Research
Perhiniak, S. (2020). Anatomy of a Magazine Layout. [online] Yes I’m a Designer. Available at: https://yesimadesigner.com/anatomy-of-a-magazine-layout/.
Dazed (2019). Dazed & Confused Magazine | Fashion, Art, Music, Film, Ideas | Dazed. [online] Dazeddigital.com. Available at: https://www.dazeddigital.com/.
nesvig, kara (2019). Allure - Beauty Tips, Trends & Product Reviews. [online] Allure. Available at: https://www.allure.com/.
raulstefanati.com (2019). Archive. [online] C O L O R S. Available at: https://www.colorsmagazine.com/en/archive [Accessed 11 May 2025].
