Stylistic Inversion
Maria Łukaszewicz
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Inwersja Stylistyczna
Inwersja stylistyczna = szyk przestawny
ZASTOSOWANIE- KIEDY?
ZASTOSOWANIE- KIEDY?
przy tworzeniu pytań
w celu urozmaicenia stylu wypowiedzi
może nadać tekstowi charakter formalny
w celu udramatyzowania przebiegu akcji
język literacki
INWERSJA Z CZASOWNIKIEM POSIŁKOWYM
INWERSJA Z CZASOWNIKIEM POSIŁKOWYM
szyk S + V + O (subject+verb+object) przekształcamy na szyk wyrażenie przysłówkowe + czasownik posiłkowy + podmiot + orzeczenie + dopełnienie
WYRAŻENIA PRZYSŁÓWKOWE:
In/under no circumstances- pod żadnym pozorem, w żadnym wypadku
Under no circumstances should you share your password with anyone.
Least of all- najmniej ze wszystkich
I don't like winter sports, least of all do I like ice-skating.
Hardly ... when- ledwo ... gdy/a już
Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.
Hardly ever- rzadko kiedy
Hardly ever does she drive her car.
Not frequently- nie często, rzadko
Not frequently do I disagree with my mum.
Not infrequently- dość często, nierzadko
In no way- pod żadnym względem
In no way am I blaming you.
Scarcely ... when- ledwo ... gdy/a już
Scarcely had I arrived at the station when the bus came in.
Scarcely ever- rzadko kiedy
Scarcely ever does he think about himself.
Rarely/seldom- rzadko
Seldom do we see kindness among people.
Still/much less- a tym bardziej
She doesn't like children much less does she want to become a mother.
Only by- tylko dzięki
Only by working together did they achieve far more than they had planned.
Only then- dopiero wtedy/wówczas
Only then did my life change for the better.
Not a (single/one) word- nawet (jednym/ego) słowem/a
Not one word does she know of Spanish.
Not a soul- żywej duszy
Not a soul have I seen for days.
Not only- nie tylko
Not only am I frustrated, but also tired.
Not often- nie często
Not often do I read such an excelent book.
Not as- nie jako
Not as a lawyer but as a mother am I telling you this.
Nor- ani
I don't like Italian food, nor do I like Mexican food.
By no means- w żaden sposób, stanowczo nie
By no means is it certain that I will go to your party.
No sooner ... than- ledwo ... kiedy
No sooner had the footbal match started than it began to snow heavily.
At no time- nigdy
At no time have I considered moving out.
Little (z czasownikami: know, think, dream, realise)- nie podejrzewać, przypuszczać, śnić, zdawać sobie sprawy
Little did she know that she would one day become a lawyer.
In vain- na próżno
In vain did I try to pass this exam.
Never- nigdy
Never has he regretted the decision he took on that day.
Nowhere- nigdzie
Nowhere have I seen such an obsession with volleyball
On no account- w żadnym razie
On no account should you tease my dog.
In none of- w żadnym z
In none of your books did you express your doubts about IT industry.
Such- taki/taka
Such was the astonishment that no one knew what to say.
So great- tak wielki
So great was your succes that you couldn't believe it.
To such extremes- do takiej skrajności
To such extremes have people gone in their worship of beauty that they are ready to pay any price to look beautiful and young.
To such an extent- do tego stopnia
To such an extent was he delighted to see her that he jumped for joy.
In such a plight/strait- w tak trudnej/beznadziejnej sytuacji
In such a plight did we find ourselves that we had nothing to live on.
In such a desperate situation- w takiej desperackiej sytuacji
In such a desperate situation did I end up that I started to steal.
To such a point- do takiego punktu/momentu
To such a point have the things deteriorated that the prime minister is to resign.
With a good reason- nie bez przyczyny
With a good reason did the film win an Oscar.
With every justification- nie bez powodu/uzasadnienia
With every justification did I win this award.
waga 2 części zdania po:
not till/until- nie wcześniej jak/dopiero
Not until the clock struck midnight did the musicians start playing.
only when- dopiero kiedy
Only when you leave home do you realize how expensive everything is.
only after- tylko po
Only after finishing your homework can you play
INWERSJA W ZDANIACH POTWIERDZAJĄCYCH
INWERSJA W ZDANIACH POTWIERDZAJĄCYCH
Tego typu zdania potwierdzające tworzy się za pomocą czasownika posiłkowego oraz słówka: so/nor/neither.
so/nor/neither + czasownik pomocniczy + podmiot
Zdania pozytywne:
Sara likes orange juice. - So do I.
I will take the exam tommorow - So will she.
I must go. - So must he.
Zdania negatywne:
She can't drive. - Nor can I.
I never go abroad. - Nor does my husband.
I haven't got any experiance. - Nor has she.
She didn't sleep well. - Neither did I.
INWERSJA PRZEZ ZAMIANĘ MIEJSC PODMIOTU I ORZECZENIA
INWERSJA PRZEZ ZAMIANĘ MIEJSC PODMIOTU I ORZECZENIA
Inwersja po wyrażeniach przysłówkowych zaczynających się przyimkami:
after/down/from/in/on/over/round/through + orzeczenie (czasownik ruchu np. walk, come; pozycji np. lie, stand; lub to be poprzeczony przymiotnikiem w najwyższym stopniu) + podmiot
Through the mist loomed black clouds.
Most surprising was your decision.
In the doorway stood a thin boy.
By the river stood a tree.
In front of us lay a meadow of yellow flowers.
From behind the wood rose the moon.
Inwersja po mowie niezależnej:
"What is the plural of mouse?" asked the teacher.
"You've done well" replied my father.
"Follow me," said Martha.
Inwersja w okresach warunkowych:
W celu urozmaicenia języka, w okresach warunkowych można zastosować inwersję zamiast typowych dla okresów warunkowych spójników.
I CONDITIONAL: Should + subj. + infinitive + will/may/can/should + infinitive/imperative
If it rains, we'll stay indoors. ----------> Should it rain, we'll stay indoors.
II CONDITIONAL: Were + subj. + (to - infinitive) + would/might/could + infinitive
If I were Martha, I would resign. ----------> Were I Martha, I would resign.
III CONDITIONAL: Had + subj. +past participle + would/might/could + have + past participle
If I had known how things would turn out, I wouldn't have gone there. ---------> Had I known how things would turn out, I wouldn't have gone there.
ĆWICZENIA
ĆWICZENIA
Rewrite the sentences to make them more emphatic (use inversion).
I had just started reading when all the lights went out.
No sooner had I started reading than all the lights went out
I didn't realize my mistake until years later.
Not until ____________________________________________________________________________
We had never seen such a magnificent scenery.
Never _______________________________________________________________________________
They not only disliked her, but they also hated her family.
Not only _____________________________________________________________________________
We only understood what he had really suffered when we read his autobiography.
Only when ___________________________________________________________________________
We had just started to eat when we heard someone knocking at the door.
Hardly _______________________________________________________________________________
I have rarely read such a badly written novel.
Rarely _______________________________________________________________________________
Until yoy've tried to write a novel yourself, you don't realize how hard it is.
Not until _____________________________________________________________________________
The hotel room was depressing, and it was cold as well.
Not only _____________________________________________________________________________
We only light the fire when it is unusually cold.
Only when ___________________________________________________________________________
Shortly after he had gone to sleep the phone rang.
No sooner ___________________________________________________________________________
I only realized the full scale of the disaster when I watched the sic i'clock news.
I watched the six o'clock news. Only then ___________________________________________
He has never regretted the decision he took on that day.
Never _______________________________________________________________________________
I spoke to the manager and the problem was taken seriously.
Only when __________________________________________________________________________
He had scarcely had time to destroy the evidence before the police arrived.
Scarcely _____________________________________________________________________________
Complete the sentences with the adverbial expressions in the list. In some sentences more than one answer may be possible.
____________________________________________________
Hardly Never No sooner Not only
Not until Only Rarely Scarcely
___________________________________________________________________
Hardly had we set off when the engine started rattling.
_________________ the clock struck midnight did the musicians start playing.
_________________ have I heard such a moving speech. The last time was at the funeral of a close relation.
_________________ had we sat down to eat than the doorbell rang.
_________________ when you get on the scales do you realize how much weight you've put on over Christmas.
_________________ had she entered the classroom when the students started to pester her.
_________________ was my father in pain, but his prode had also been hurt.
_________________ had the fans witnessed such a resounding victory in the history od the club.
ODPOWIEDZI
ODPOWIEDZI
Rewrite the sentences to make them more emphatic (use inversion).
I had just started reading when all the lights went out.
No sooner had I started reading than all the lights went out
I didn't realize my mistake until years later.
Not until years later did I realize my mistake.
We had never seen such a magnificent scenery.
Never had we seen such a magnificent scenery.
They not only dislike her, but they also hated her family.
Not only did they dislike her, they also hated her family.
We only understood what he had really suffered when we read his autobiography.
Only when we read his autobiography did we understand what he had really suffered from.
We had just started to eat when we heard someone knocking at the door.
Hardly had we started to eat when we heard someone knocking at the door.
I have rarely read such a badly written novel.
Rarely have I read such a badly written novel.
Until yoy've tried to write a novel yourself, you don't realize how hard it is.
Not until you've tried to write a novel yourself do you realize how hard it is.
The hotel room was depressing, and it was cold as well.
Not only was the hotel room depressing, (but) it was cold as well.
We only light the fire when it is unusually cold.
Only when it is unusually cold do we light the fire.
Shortly after he had gone to sleep the phone rang.
No sooner had he gone to sleep than the phone rang.
I only realized the full scale of the disaster when I watched the six o'clock news.
Only when I watched the six o'clock news did I realize the full scale of the disaster.
He has never regretted the decision he took on that day.
Never has he regretted the decision he took on that day.
I spoke to the manager and the problem was taken seriously.
Only when I spoke to the manager was the problem taken seriously.
He had scarcely had time to destroy the evidence before the police arrived.
Scarcely had he had time to destroy the evidence when the police arrived.
Complete the sentences with the adverbial expressions in the list. In some sentences more than one answer may be possible.
____________________________________________________
Hardly Never No sooner Not only
Not until Only Rarely Scarcely
___________________________________________________________________
Hardly had we set off when the engine started rattling.
Not until the clock struck midnight did the musicians start playing.
Rarely have I heard such a moving speech. The last time was at the funeral of a close relation.
No sooner had we sat down to eat than the doorbell rang.
Only when you get on the scales do you realize how much weight you've put on over Christmas.
Scarcely / hardly had she entered the classroom when the students started to pester her.
Not only was my father in pain, but his prode had also been hurt.
Never had the fans witnessed such a resounding victory in the history od the club.
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