Persia has also long history of neuroscience. It is reported that the first cranial surgery was performed in south eastern iran in the burnt city (Shahre sookhte) in 3rd BC.

The evidence from 668 BC and 2500 BC from Ashurbanipal library and Uruk city cuneiform tablets respectively showed the prescriptions of head disorder. This proves that in the old persia neurological disorders with signs and symptoms such as different types of pain, movement disorder and cranial nerves problems,... could be diagnosed and treated.