中大經濟系 = 頹系?

致全港所有經濟系學生

十幾年前已經聽過「中大經濟系是四大頹系之首」的講法。

到底係咪真係頹?到底頹喺邊?其他大學的經濟系頹唔頹?相信都好多人都想知道答案。

四大頹系的說法始於何時已不可考,有關中大經濟系質素的討論,可以追溯到2003-04年左右的一封中大經濟系學生公開信。公開信的全文約4000字,所以我不貼全文,只引用當中一些段落。該公開信年份久遠,當中的內容不一定適用於現在,但我們可以從中探討中大經濟被稱為「頹系」的原因。

某位多年前中大經濟系學生的公開信(節錄):

很多文科,甚至理科的同學從一開始就被QUANTATIVE METHOD I 打得意志消沉,再對大學學習生涯提不起興趣。也許可以說成為我們入學的同學質素不夠高,但是否我們應從一開始就說明經濟學與艱深的微積分等是不可分割,讓我們有此心理準備?很多同學在選擇經濟系作為首選時,是未曾想及數學理解才是經濟研究院的主要考慮,和數學良好是不用太理會其他經濟常識,導至有很多同學都怨聲載道,感到非常失望。......我們明白在學術界打滾,技術是最重要的一環,但我們都希望將來的學弟妹能在入學前就明白這道理,而不是以三年光陰去學懂。

再者,收生成績每況愈下是甚麼原因?我相信如我一位同中學的師姐等對中大經濟系的評語(中七時,該師姐在選學講座以過來人身份對我說,中大經濟很沉,很悶,就業差,唔好揀),居功不少。我亦相信大部份畢業生都會有類似評語。

課程方面,分開的那幾個如金融等主修令人不明所以。從我所見,經濟系內一大部份同學都是選金融經濟學作為主修。我敢肯定,即使完成了整個課程,大部份同學對金融的知識是近乎零! 這很大程度是課程本身的缺點(聽過幾方面意見,如經濟系及非經濟系的同學,甚至老師)。我們所被教的,很大程度都是理論分析,而又因我們都不是太聰明,所教的理論都很淺易。

問題就是,既然是理論分析,我們又不太聰明,我們又怎能夠將課堂所學的再套用會現實生活?很多同學都是一頭霧水,將那幾條公式硬塞入腦袋去答卷就算,事後當然對那十多個星期的課程原封不動的交回老師。亦因為所教的很淺易,對我們金融方面的知識幫助不大。筆者縱使成績不俗,甚至找到一份很多經濟研究生投身的工作,但還是被另一位念工管的朋友訕笑到" 你配稱為讀金融嗎?"

上述的說話或許有點偏激,但讓我舉多個現實的例子就會明白。我一位朋友,成績也是不俗,也是以金融作為主修。但他竟然有一天問我道,究竟高油價對香港經濟有甚麼影響,他說除了交通費上升外甚麼也想不到!

每次經濟系想出版甚麼應屆畢業生出路的時候,總是見到很自豪地說我們大部份畢業生投身銀行與金融界,就業率近乎百分之一百!

這是事實,卻是取巧的事實。就以我的片面資料,除了成績好的那些大都避進研究院外,其他的畢業生都是徬徨地在就業市場遊蕩。我們大部份人都討厭做保險,做理財策劃,因為我們認為既為中大畢業生,不大用淪落到要做SALES,還要是社會地位甚低,人見人怕的SALES! 可憐的是,我們只要寫上是中大經濟系畢業,已經有一些工作是連機會也不給,與工管的是兩回事。即使我們有機會,在我們的學術生涯中因為甚少需要 PRESENTATION(尤幸現在有改變),所以面試時我們總比其他學系的人比下去。到最後,所有比較好的工作,已經輪不到我們,而我們卻只好向這些起初我們討厭的工作埋首。對銀行業有所認識的人都知道,保險,理財策劃等行業都無甚晉升前景,管理層只會不停地施加壓力,但奈何這是我們的唯一選擇,而經濟系卻樂孜孜地形容我們為投身甚有前途的金融業。更甚者,對有些同學面對就業困境,接了一些中五程度的工作,但我們卻像六四般,絕不會公開提及。

技術對普遍學生就業並無幫助(至少以我經驗而言),反而普通經濟常識更能協助學生就業。我的哥哥是美國一州際大學數學系畢業,回港都是失業收場。

我只是希望,在講座時,能夠對未來的同學好好說明我們是教技術重於經濟(再舉一例,我們同學學罷中級宏觀經濟學,又有多少個能從此增加宏觀經濟學的認識?),那麼就不用這麼多同學在進入經濟系後,就不停地怨自己被騙(每年的新生,都有很大比率有這種怨言),然後憤而嘗試轉系。

必須再次強調,以上公開信出現於2003-04年間,不一定反映現況。但我們可以從中總結出經濟系同學的一些不滿之處:

  1. 入到嚟先發現數學比想像中更難更多,比數學打沉

  2. 課程太理論化,讀完之後對世界仍然零認識

  3. 就業困難,presentation機會不足導致面試表現差勁

事隔多年,唔知而家的中大經濟系學生,或者其他院校的學生、畢業生有冇同感?

面對學生的強烈控訴,中大經濟系亦有作出回應。我節錄某中有關Finance及Job Hunting的部分比大家睇。

以下是中大經濟系宋恩榮教授的回應(以下粗體係我自己加,原文應該無粗體):

QUALITY OF OUR FINANCE CONCENTRATION: Finance is a technical subject, and most students in finance (in the CU Finance Dept, in CU Quantitative Finance program, or in the HKUST Finance Program, which is for science students) are good at Maths. Our students are not good at Maths, and as a result, our finance courses are less Maths-oriented than those in other finance programs. It is to be expected that our students would learn less. You cannot complain that we teach too much Maths on the one hand, and complain that you learn too little about finance on the other hand. In fact, the reason that our students learn too little about finance is because we lower the Maths requirement of our finance courses for the benefit of our students who are not good at Maths. While it is very difficult to teach finance to students who are not good at Maths, I think we have done a good job given the severe constraints we face. Our course on Financial Data Analysis is not heavily Maths-oriented, and it is very useful and popular. Many students from the Business Faculty are also taking the course because they don't have it in their department.

JOB HUNTING: Economics (in HK and overseas) is not a professional subject (unlike medical school, law, accounting, and engineering), and it is to be expected that the knowledge learned in economics would not find much direct application in work. In the admission talk this year, I told prospective students that, in job hunting, good English and common sense would be much more important than knowledge of economics. By the way, the same holds true for students with a BBA degree. Other than accounting, which is a professional subject, students of marketing, management, or international business would find that good English and common sense are more important in job hunting than knowledge of marketing or management or international business. It so happen that the majority of BBA students have better English and common sense than our's, but that is because the best students in HK choose BBA rather than economics; not because the study of marketing or international business leads to better English or common sense. In fact, during my years at the CUHK, a few CU BBA students have applied for our M.Phil. program because they found that they didn't learn much in the Business Faculty. Business studies are not intellectually challenging and can be quite boring. Their graduates nevertheless found better work than ours, because they have better English and common sense even before they enter CU. If you look at our department's most successfual graduates (those who got to be A.O. or employed in good jobs by major employers), they are NOT the most maths-oriented (who tend to go to grad school). Our most successful graduates are good at English. They are disciplined and are eager to learn. They have good common sense. Given our constraints, I believe that we have not done badly. As an economics department, our job is not to teach English, but we have switched the medium of instruction of many courses to English and have encourged students to write papers, work on group projects, and make presentations in English. I am one of the first teachers in our Department to switch the medium of instruction to English, and to ask students to write papers and work on projects even though it is very unpopular with many of our students. Recently, a graduate of the LSE, the London School of Economics (the best econ program in UK) told me that our dept cares much more about students' job hunting than the LSE. The LSE does not have anything like our STOT. The LSE does not invite past students to come to talk about job hunting. We do. The LSE does not have a mentorship program. Our Colleges do. Lately, I have been trying to arrange summer internship for our undergrads with the General Chamber of Commerce. While good internship opportunities are scarce, I hope to make some headway. I think it is better for you to come to talk with me. Wrting long essays for several hours is not a good use of your time and mine. I don't have the opportunity to talk with students a lot, especially students who don't agree with me and may have important ideas to offer. My office is open. I want to know you as a person, and learn whatever ideas you may offer. Best of luck in your job-hunting.

誠如教授所說,好多同學搵唔到工的原因係因為本身英文唔好。

記得AL年代HKU Econ、UST ECOF基本上都唔收UE E的學生(除非你AL 3A啦),所以有心讀Econ但係英文麻麻的學生,多數就會入中大Econ。如果這些同學在大學3年內(無錯,AL年代大學係3年制)無好好提升英文能力,出到嚟用英文見工嗰陣「errr...err...err」,的確會影響就業機會。

學生錯誤觀念1:學英文要靠上堂present練返嚟

當年中大經濟系的學生平均英文能力較弱係一個先天性的客觀問題,而唔係因為大學缺乏presentation/寫essay的機會先導致自己英文差。你由幼稚園、小學、中學到大學加加埋埋學咗廿年英文,如果都仲係英文差,咁責任其實唔喺經濟系身上。

好多學生一開始就知道自己英文差,但係一直唔去改善,以為專心讀好書追GPA就可以搵到好工。依種諗法錯得好緊要,好多大公司都需要用英文做ap test、用英文去interview。如果你的英文水平不足,人地都唔會純粹因為你的degree、你的GPA去收你。記住!大學畢業證書只係你的入場券,入到場唔代表成功,後面仲有好多關卡要你自己去闖。

學生錯誤觀念2:讀完經濟學理論就會了解現實世界

Cryptocurrency、貿易戰都係近期最熱門的話題。但係經濟系唔可能近期流行某樣嘢,就即刻開個course去教,然後過氣就即刻摺咗個course。大學本科提供的訓練係提供基本的工具、框架比同學去分析現實世界,但係對現實世界的認知,很大程度上都要靠同學自己

例如要探討高油價對香港的影響,依個問題都需要好多現實世界的background information。香港的電力供應到底有幾多成來自燃油發電?香港電動車的普及情況如何?你要知道這些資訊,先可以討論到高油價對香港的影響到底大唔大。大學其實唔會教、亦都唔應該教依啲嘢。

舉多個例子,DSE Econ 2016 Paper 1 Q13問:「預期按揭利率上升對私人物業市場的影響。」一個中四學生讀完demand and supply model,代唔代表就會識得做依一題呢?要分析依個問題,首先學生要知道買樓原來要借按揭,亦都需要知道按揭貸款償還的利息並非固定,而係會隨著利率而上升,因此預期按揭利率上升代表將來的還款增加,所以對私人樓的需求會減少。好多同學誤以為按揭償還的利息係固定,所以預期將來利率上升代表應該趁利率低盡早買樓,所以需求增加,結果就做錯依一題。但係一個正常的中四學生,點會知道咩叫按揭、點會知道H按的還款會隨住利率上升?學生讀完demand and supply model都分析唔到現實世界,係Econ老師的錯嗎?中學的Econ堂到底應該教經濟理論、還是應該教按揭、教H按P按?

現實世界的議題、變數多如繁星。油價、金價、股價、債價、樓價、HIBOR、QE、縮表、金融危機、金融規管、加密貨幣、貿易戰、防洗錢、稅改、fintech......etc。無論你major econ定finance,大學都不可能每樣嘢都教哂你。

學生錯誤觀念3:太多數學

繼續返上面個話題,大學本科教唔到如何將經濟理論應用在現實世界的另一個原因就係學生根本唔明。要知道經濟學家如何分析各種議題的最佳方法就係睇Paper。但係首先你要睇得明人地的research method、regression model先得。否則就算Professor示範點分析現實世界,你都聽唔明啦。

我認為而家香港各間大學經濟系的已經盡量將所用的數學壓到最少,就算你本身數學唔叻,要順利畢業甚至拎到好成績都唔係問題。Micro同Macro其實用嚟用去都係derivative,而且唔會考你背後的數學concept,你只需要識得d就得(仲要d嚟d去都係差唔多嘅functions)。至於Stat、econometrics同time series,如果你讀唔好絕對唔會係因為你數學差。困難的地方在於依三科的知識需要一層一層疊上去,如果你一開始的根基打得唔好,之後就好難跟。

而家的大學生比十幾年前的更幸福。就算你的Professor教得唔好,你都可以上網搵到好多教學,Youtube有大把Econ/Finance的資源比你去學。

學生錯誤觀念4:死不做Sales

上面寫公開信嗰位學生對做Sales好反感,認為做Sales就係「社會地位低」、「人見人怕」、「淪落」、「賣保險」。出現依個錯誤觀念的原因係好多同學都無咩返過intern,根本唔知道金融業到底有咩工種、有咩職位。以為公司一係做分析、一係做trader、一係做Sales。其實Sales唔一定等於賣倫敦金、賣保險。例如銀行的Relationship Manager說穿了其實都係Sales,唔少RM都月入七萬以上。同埋sell客都有唔同層次,最低層就係sell倫敦金呃阿婆,但係你亦都可以sell high profile的客、亦都可以sell公司客。同埋Sales support都可以算係Sales,唔一定要sell客追Quota。

同埋就業遇到挫折的同學好多都英文唔得、常識唔得、數學又唔得,結果Quant的工又做唔到,Sales又唔肯做,咁可以做到啲咩?近排有位經濟學教授寫咗篇文叫「頹科亦有黃金屋」,內文講述一些經濟系的博士畢業生有很好的出路,運用經濟學的知識幫Uber、Amazon制定定價策略,但人地係講緊博士畢業生。科科爛grade的你自問有冇能力做到?又有另一種人淨係要威要型,總之就要入ibank,但係又唔知ibank有咩職位,業務到底係咩。

其實金融業好闊,資產管理、基金、經紀、融資、收購合併、風險管理、research、Compliance、IBD......etc。一個普通的大學生當然無可能全面掌握到,就算你上wiki睇資料,睇完你都只會感覺好「虛」。我的建議就係多啲搵intern,透過返多啲intern,你先可以了解到自己、了解到依個行業。

好多人覺得經濟系「頹」的原因係就業差。因為好多Econ學生都有一股脫俗的自傲,只顧埋首於書堆中,而不屑於搵intern/part time。大學幫到你嘅嘢有限,你唔可以抱住佛系心態,諗住自己靠住「三大Econ First hon」的名氣,就自然有好工搵你。搵工都唔係一件容易的事,寫CV、搵邊間公司請緊人、做ap test、面試技巧等等都需要時間去學。你大學嗰陣無試過,畢業先嚟學,好的offer就會一早比人搶哂。

怨自己學系幫唔到你搵工之前,應該撫心自問諗下自己4年大學生涯入面做咗幾多嘢去裝備自己。我寫依篇文的嘅目的係勸勉全港所有經濟系的學生,無論在學業上定事業上,都要好好裝備自己。提升英語水平、增加對世界的認知和加強數學功力都唔係一朝一夕做到的事。你一定要下苦功。

希望依篇文幫到各位經濟系的同學。

覺得依篇文有用嘅話,歡迎你share出去,如果like埋我FB Page同subscribe埋我個Youtube Channel就最好啦。

作者:Outliers

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