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governments in their preparedness planning and benefit responding agencies in streamlining activities such as procurement processes. In addition, the World Economic Forum report that addresses the risk and impacts of future epidemics strongly advocates for public-private collaboration and provides potential models to optimize private-sector engagement. The World Economic Forum recommends building connections between in-country operators and the public sector; expanding expert-based groups, such as the UN Clusters, to include private sector partners; and developing a platform to improve information flow and increase coordination between the private and public sectors.50 In summary, preparedness for a high-impact respiratory pathogen has received little specific focus in these high-level reviews, notwithstanding hundreds of useful recom- * Reports include the National Academy of Science, Lessons Learned from a Century of Outbreaks; the World Economic Forum, Managing the Risk and Impact of Future Epidemics: Options for Public-Private Cooperation; the International Vaccines Task Force report, Money & Microbes: Strengthening Clinical Research Capacity to Prevent Epidemics; the International Working Group on Financing Preparedness report, From Panic and Neglect to Investing in Health Security: Financing Pandemic Preparedness at a National Level; and the Independent Commission on Multilateralism, Global Pandemics and Global Public Health. 27 mendations related to strengthening and increasing preparedness systems and structures generally, or specifically related to other forms of outbreak threat. While there has been some focus on improving international and national capacity for pandemic influenza—specifically after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and subsequent Fineberg Report— there have been few (if any) high-level reviews or recommendations focusing on the possibility of other high-impact respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential.19,60,61 The lack of global attention to and consideration of this threat illustrates the vital need to address preparedness for epidemics and pandemics that might be caused by high-impact respiratory pathogens.
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