Renal System

volume tolerance & fluid responsiveness

1. definitions:

   • volume tolerance: IVF resuscitation will cause no harm to the patient

   • volume responsiveness: cardiac output and tissue perfusion will improve after IVF resuscitation

2. modalities

   • pulse pressure variation (PPV)

     1. a PPV of > 13-15% is associated w/volume responsiveness

   • stroke volume variation (SVV)

     1. an SVV of > 10% is associated w/volume responsiveness

3. limitations: the patient must have all of the following

   • mechanically ventilated

   • tidal volume ≥ 8 mL/kg

   • normal sinus rhythm

   • no spontaneous breaths