This has been cut right through the valve cover, cylinder head, cylinder block and oil pan to show the construction of the parts.

Items that can be identified are: water-jackets in the cylinder head and cylinder block, intake and exhaust valves and their ports, the camshaft and rocker arms, the cylinder-head gasket, the piston, the crankshaft and the connecting rod.

The V6 engine shown has two banks of cylinders at an angle of 60° containing three cylinders in each bank.

There are two camshafts for each bank of cylinders – one for the intake valves, and one for the exhausts. The intake camshaft is driven by a toothed belt, and the exhaust camshaft is driven from the intake camshaft by a pair of gears.

The arrangement of a horizontal engine, often referred to as a flat engine because of its construction, is shown in Figure 10.13. This is a four-cylinder engine with its cylinders horizontally opposed. Its various features are identified in the illustration.

This has a different dismantling sequence to an inline engine. There are two cylinder heads to be removed, and two cylinder blocks that are separated at the crankcase.

Modern engines have a lot of ancillary equipment attached to the engine. Usually, some of this has to be removed to gain access to the actual engine component that is to be removed or dismantled.

Preliminary work on an engine could include removing items such as: engine covers, the air cleaner and air ducts, coolant hoses, drive belts, power-steering pump, air-conditioning compressor, alternator, starter, parts of the fuel system, or emission controls.