IN THIS LESSON YOU WILL BE INTRODUCED TO THE FUNCTIONS OF SKELETONS.

By the end of this lesson you should be able to:

• State the functions of the skull, backbone, ribcage, arms, legs, hip and shoulder blade.

• Make a human skeleton using straws and label it.

• Label the diagram of a frog.

The skeleton is made up of many different bones. Each bone supports the animal's body and protects its organs. We will now look at how the skull, backbone, ribs, shoulder blades, arms, legs and hip bone supports and protects animals' bodies and enable them to move.

The Skull

The bones of the skull form a strong, hollow casing that protects the brain. The skull has holes called eye sockets that provide protection for the animal's eyes. The teeth are attached to the jaw bone.

The backbone and vertebrae

The backbone protects the spinal cord that connects the brain to the nerves in all parts of the body. If the spinal cord is damaged, the animal may become lame and may not walk again, and may even die.

The Ribs

The ribs are curved bones in the chest that form the rib cage. The rib cage is attached at the back to the backbone. At the front, it is attached to the breastbone. The rib cage protects the heart and lungs in the upper part of the body.

Upper limbs (arms)

In humans, the arms, hands and fingers are called the upper limbs. In animals these upper limbs are called the front limbs. The different parts of the arm can bend because of the different types of joints that connect them.

Lower limbs (legs)

Our legs, feet and toes are called our lower limbs. They are also made up of different bones. In animals, the lower limbs are called the hind limbs. The lower limbs have the same structure as the upper limbs, except that the bones are stronger and bigger to carry the weight of the body.

Test your knowledge by answering Activity 1 on the Google Form below.

For this activity you are required to collaborate with at least three other class members. Have a discussion around the questions in the activity. I will email a list of contact numbers and email addresses for your fellow class members.

This is an informal assessment. After I have seen that you all have done this activity, I will upload a memorandum. Please complete this activity by 01/08/2022.

PLEASE FIND YOUR FORMAL ASSESSMENT ATTACHED BELOW (RUBRIC INCLUDED - Click on the blue page icon and then on the arrow in a square icon (top left-hand or right-hand side corner) to open the Google Doc in new tab).

THIS IS FOR MARKS. IT IS DUE ON THE 03/08/2022. MARKS WILL BE GIVEN TO YOU ON THE 06/08/2022. I WILL UPLOAD A DOCUMENT WITH ALL YOUR MARKS AND YOU WILL GET A NOTIFICATION VIA EMAIL.

YOU NEED TO TAKE A PHOTO OF YOUR SKELETON AND SUBMIT IT ON THE GOOGLE FORM BELOW. (Click on the purple page icon)

DID YOU ENJOY THIS LESSON? IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CONTACT ME VIA WHATSAPP OR EMAIL. MY CONTACT DETAILS ARE ON THE INDEX PAGE :-)

To move to the next page, scroll up to the top of this page and click on the next lesson which is "Muscles".