Offroad cars

It is not correct to call ordinary vehicles “off-road vehicles”, since real off-road vehicles are not allowed to travel on public roads.

The SDA defines only the concept of "vehicle":

“Power-driven vehicle” means a vehicle other than a moped driven by an engine. The term also applies to any tractor and self-propelled machine.

According to the Federal Law dated 10.12.1995 No. 196-ФЗ “On Road Traffic Safety”, a road is a strip of land equipped or adapted and used for the movement of vehicles or the surface of an artificial structure. The SDA also defines “Adjacent Territory” - a territory directly adjacent to the road and not intended for through traffic of vehicles.

The SDA does not define the concept of an SUV and does not talk about any restrictions on their use. However, any power-driven vehicle must be “registered in the established manner”; if the vehicle does not meet certain standards, then it simply will not be registered, and therefore will not be able to legally leave on public roads.

Chrysler Corporation insists on using the word “allroad” instead of the established term “jeep” because of the ownership of the same name brand.

There is a close term “all-terrain vehicle”, which more precisely defines the purpose of all-terrain vehicles: driving on roads with improved coverage, and on roads without any coverage, but still on the roads.

Story

Bantam BRC 40

“The name“ Jeep ”appeared during the Second World War as the nickname of light multi-purpose military vehicles“ Willys-MV ”(Willys) and the same type of vehicles“ Ford GPW ”(Ford). In the post-war years, it became the trademark of new generations of civilian and army vehicles of the Willis company from Toledo, officially registered on June 30, 1950. 

Before the start of World War II, the armies of the world were armed with several 4x4 vehicles, namely, the American all-wheel drive Marmon-Herrington, the Japanese Kurogan (1935), the German medium-sized off-road car Horkh-91 "(1937), and the Soviet GAZ-61 on the basis of Emka (1938). All these cars were produced in small series and were, in fact, passenger commander cars.

The first mass army all-wheel drive SUV with a dependent suspension of all wheels and a simplified open body with cutouts instead of doors (runabout type) was created in the USA after the outbreak of World War II by American Bantam, Willys-Overland and Ford Motor by the American Army tender . Cars manufactured by Ford received the name GPV (General Purpose Vehicle), that is, "General Purpose Vehicle". According to the first letters ("JP"), the soldiers christened them jeeps. There is another version, according to which, the Jeep nickname is associated with army slang, according to which it means "hard worker", "hard worker" and goes back to the pre-war cartoon about the sailor Popeye. It is worth noting that in the Soviet Union during the war, all American passenger cars of this type were called “jeeps” (regardless of whether they were actually manufactured: Willys or Ford), and after the war, the word “convenient in pronunciation and spelling” was fixed for “ jeep ”, and the term“ off-road vehicle ”(the“ off-road vehicle ”option) was coined and introduced into use in the early 1990s by a number of popular automotive publications, so as not to create problems with the Chrysler Corporation, which owns the Jeep brand and other offroad cars.

In the USSR in 1941-1945, the first in the world [source not specified 992 days] all-wheel drive GAZ-61-73 sedan with a comfortable closed body from Emka was produced in a limited edition, and in the summer of 1941 the first Soviet GAZ-64 SUV, nicknamed Ivan-jeepis war veterans for similarity with the 1941 Willys MA model, supplied to the USSR by Lend-Lease in the initial period of World War II. During the Second World War, SUVs became one of the most common military vehicles in the armies of the Allies, and the total circulation of their production reached 620 thousand copies. After the war, law enforcement agencies, including the military, the police, firefighters, foresters, as well as the civilian sector, represented by farmers, geologists, showed interest in the conversion version of the SUV under the trade name Jeep CJ2A (CJ index from Civilian Jeep - civilian SUV) doctors, hunters, tourists and so on. In a number of countries, the release of their own imitation models, for example, the English Land Rover model of 1948, began. One of the distinguishing features of the car was the material: in 1947, the production of fighters and bombers dropped sharply, a huge amount of aluminum accumulated in warehouses, which was cheaper than steel. This corrosion resistant aluminum was the first material for Land Rover machines. Thus, the machine from the very first day of its existence has become associated