Outline

NHD Project Outline

Name: Shengwen Jin

Topic: 9/11

Category: United State History

Final World Count:

I:Background Information / Long Before the Event

a:Soviet–Afghan War

In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the collapse of the Afghan regime. It also prompted bin Laden to establish Al Qaeda.

b:Gulf War

The Gulf War was a war against Iraq to restore Kuwait's sovereignty and independence. After the war, the King of Saudi Arabia allowed the United States to station troops in Saudi Arabia, which violated the belief of the Saudi people that pagans were not allowed to stay in Mecca.

II:Build-Up/Right Before the Event

a:Aircraft hijacking

American Airlines Flight 11 took off from Logan International Airport and flew to Los Angeles. At that time, all crew members were on duty, including a pilot, co-pilot and nine flight attendants. Among the 81 passengers, 5 hijackers were mixed, and they were led by Mohamed Atta from Egypt. American Airlines Flight 77 took off from Washington Dulles International Airport in Washington, D.C., with 6 crew members and 58 passengers on board, including 5 hijackers. After several planes were hijacked for half an hour, AA11 flew over New york. United Airlines flight 93 took off from Newark liberty international airport and flew to San Francisco. These attackers were trained by al-Qaeda in Afghanistan five years ago.

III:Heart of the story/During the Event

a:Thesis:

After 9/11, United States foreign policy was debated by the DHS in hopes of combating aother event llike the previous；many decisions were made by George W. Bush, leading to an ill-;ed war on iraq as well as a decrease in cooperation with Middle East

b:September 11 attacks

At 8: 46 a.m. on September 11, 2001, an American Airlines No.11 plane passed over Manhattan and accurately crashed into Tower No.1 of the World Trade Center Twin Towers.Ten minutes later, the second plane United Airlines 175 crashed into the World Trade Center Tower 2. A few minutes later, the third hijacked airliner, American Airlines 77, crashed into the west wing of the Pentagon and destroyed the entire naval command. The fourth hijacked plane, United Airlines 93, crashed in the wilderness.

IV:Short Term Impact/Right After the Event

a：The creation of DHS

In the wake of the September 11 attacks in 2001, Pres. George W. Bush created the Office of Homeland Security, to coordinate counterterrorism efforts by federal, state, and local agencies.

V:Long-Term Impact/Long After the Event

a：Islamophobes

It refers to the negative mentality of prejudice, opposition, hatred and irrational fear towards Islam and Muslims. After 9/11, the foreign policy issued by the American government was unfair to Islam, and it would be treated unequally at airports. Be discriminated against in life.

b：Iraq War

On the grounds that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction and secretly supported terrorists, the United States bypassed the United Nations Security Council and unilaterally carried out military strikes against Iraq.

Citations:

Ameena Ghaffar-Kucher, “The Religification of Pakistani-American Youth.” American Educational Research Association, Vol 49, No. 1 (2012): Pg. 30-52, http://www.jstor.com/stable/resrep02971.

Evelyn Alsultany, “Arabs and Muslims in the Media after 9/11: Representational Strategies for a ‘Postrace’ Era.” The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 65, No. 1: Pg. 161-169, https://www.jstor.org/stable/41809552.

Sides, John, and Kimberly Gross, “Stereotypes of Muslims and Support for the War on Terror.” (May), 583-598, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1017/s0022381613000388.

Amy Gershkoff and Shana Kushner, “Shaping Public Opinions: The 9/11 Connection in the Bush Administration’s Rhetoric.” Perspective of Politics. (American Political Science Association 2005). 525-537, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3689022.