https://byjus.com/physics/atmosphere/
Earth’s Atmosphere can be defined as a mixture of gasses that envelop the Earth.
Earth’s Atmosphere consists of three main parts. These are the Troposphere, Stratosphere, and Mesosphere.
The Troposphere contains the air from about 9 kilometers up from the poles and about 17 kilometers up from the equator. Weather occurs in this section of the atmosphere.
The Stratosphere contains the space between the end of the Troposphere and 50 kilometers away from Earth’s surface. The ozone layer is present in the Stratosphere.
The Mesosphere begins at 50 kilometers away from Earth’s surface and extends out into space. The Mesosphere is where meteors typically burn up.
Just past the Mesosphere are the Thermosphere and Exosphere.
https://groups.seas.harvard.edu/climate/eli/research/equable/hadley.html#:~:text=Hadley%20Cells%20are%20the%20low,control%20low%2Dlatitude%20weather%20patterns.
The air in each cell circulates through the troposphere.
Earth's circulation patterns are mirrored for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Hadley Cells: Contains the areas 0 degrees to 30 degrees North(and South) of the equator
Ferrel Cells (Mid-Lattitude Cells): Contains the areas 30 degrees to 60 degrees North (and South) of the equator
Polar Cells: Contains the areas 60 degrees to 90 degrees North (and South) of the equator.
https://slideplayer.com/slide/14710711/90/images/4/4.2+Atmospheric+Wind+Systems.jpg
https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Oceanography_101_(Miracosta)/08%3A_Atmospheric_Circulation/8.12%3A_Earth's_Atmospheric_Circulation_System
These videos help to better explain atmospheric circulation. The first video covers differential heating, which is the driving force for atmospheric circulation. The second video goes over the particulars of the three different cells. The third video talks about the Coriolis effect and wind patterns.
The Great Barrier Reef resides in the Southern Hemisphere's Hadley cell.
https://vvc.instructure.com/courses/19901/assignments/614452
In terms of severe weather in the Great Barrier Reef, the location primarily experiences cyclones in the summer.
The Great Barrier Reef Foundation goes into the differences between cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons saying that they are the same weather phenomenon that are named differently based on their location. They explain that these types of storms are "cyclones when they form over the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, and hurricanes when they occur over the North Atlantic, central North Pacific and eastern North Pacific," additionally, "tropical storms that form in the Northwest Pacific are called typhoons"("How do cyclones affect the Great Barrier Reef?"). NASA explains that regardless of what they are called, "all tropical cyclones are alike in that they draw heat from warm water at the ocean's surface to power horizontal, rotating wind"("What is the difference between a typhoon, cyclone, and hurricane?"). In addition to this, "a tropical storm is declared [a cyclone] and given a name when wind speeds consistently reach 63kph"("How do cyclones affect the Great Barrier Reef?").
The Great Barrier Reef's weather is intrinsically tied to its marine resources, of which the primary resource is tourism.
Since the Great Barrier Reef is in the Southern Hemisphere, not only are its circulation patterns flliped from the Northern Hemisphere, but the seasons are as well. When the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing summer, the Great Barrier reef is experiencing "winter". Since the reef is a tropical climate, visitors are able to swim and visit the reef year round.
In terms of the weather on the reef, there are "two distinct seasons; a winter period of warm temperatures and low rainfall, and a summer period of hot, humid temperatures and higher rainfall"("Great Barrier Reef Weather & Climate"). It is important to note that the weather in the Great Barrier Reef is particularly important in relation to the location's marine resources. If there are bad weather conditions, there is a significant decrease in the location's ability to have tourists visit or learn about the reef.
"What is the difference between a typhoon, cyclone, and hurricane?" NASA Global Precipitation
Measurement, NASA, https://gpm.nasa.gov/resources/faq/what-difference-between-typhoon-
"How do cyclones affect the Great Barrier Reef?" Great Barrier Reef Foundation, Great Barrier Reef Foundation, 15 December 2022, https://www.barrierreef.org/news/explainers/how-do-cyclones
-affect-the-great-barrier-reef.
"Great Barrier Reef Weather & Climate." Great-Barrier-Reef.com, TravelOnline, https://www.great-