Gum Disease

Gum Disease – Understanding the Symptoms, Stages, Causes, Treatment, and Cost

What Is Gum Disease?

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, refers to the inflammation, soreness, or infection of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It is characterised by the accumulation of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on our teeth. If not effectively removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque can irritate the gums and lead to gum disease. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices play a crucial role in preventing and managing gum disease to avoid severe complications such as tooth loss.


Causes of Gum Disease

The primary cause of gum disease is the accumulation of plaque on the teeth. Plaque consists of food particles and bacteria that naturally build up on teeth surfaces. When plaque is not adequately removed, it can provoke inflammation and infection in the gums, contributing to the development of gum disease. Lifestyle factors, including smoking, poor nutrition, and high stress levels, can increase the risk of gum disease. Additionally, certain medical conditions like diabetes can make individuals more susceptible to this oral health issue.


Stages of Gum Disease

Gingivitis:

The initial stage of gum disease is known as gingivitis. It occurs when the gums become inflamed due to the excessive presence of plaque on the teeth. Plaque consists of bacteria and debris, and when conditions allow it to multiply rapidly, it can lead to harmful consequences. Failure to maintain good oral hygiene practices on a daily basis increases the risk of developing gingivitis. The first noticeable symptom at this stage is bleeding when brushing or flossing the teeth.


Periodontitis:

If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. In the early stages of periodontitis, the gums begin to recede from the teeth, creating small pockets between the gums and teeth. This stage involves the loss of bone around the gum area. The buildup of plaque, bacteria, and tartar in these hard-to-reach pockets becomes a challenge for regular toothbrushing and flossing. As the disease advances to moderate periodontitis, more bone loss occurs, and the bacteria start to destroy the soft tissues supporting the teeth. This leads to sore and tender gums, along with an inflammatory response throughout the body. Bleeding and pain become more common symptoms. In severe periodontitis, the late stage of the disease, the continued bone loss causes teeth to become loose and eventually fall out. The gum line becomes infected and filled with pus, resulting in persistent bad breath (halitosis).


Signs and Symptoms of Gum Disease

Gum disease progresses gradually, and the most obvious signs typically manifest in the later stages. Some common indicators of gum disease include:


Diagnosis of Gum Disease

A routine dental check-up or examination allows your dentist to detect the early symptoms of gum disease. Regular visits to your dentist are necessary to monitor your periodontal health and prevent further deterioration. During a dental examination, your dentist will check for swelling, firmness, pocket depth, and gum bleeding. They may use a probe or a tiny ruler to measure any pockets on your gums. This test is usually painless. Additionally, your dentist will assess tooth sensitivity, movement, and proper alignment. A dental x-ray may also be recommended for a more comprehensive evaluation. In some cases, your dentist may refer you to a periodontist, a specialist in managing and treating gum disease.


Treatment of Gum Disease

The primary goals of gum disease treatment are to inhibit the spread of the condition and promote the reattachment of healthy gums to the teeth. The specific treatment option recommended by your dental care provider will depend on the stage of your gum disease, overall health, and response to previous treatments. Both surgical and non-surgical treatments are available.


Non-surgical treatment options are typically employed for gingivitis and mild to moderate periodontitis. These procedures include:



Surgical methods are often necessary for moderate and severe periodontitis. Surgical treatments include:



It is essential to seek timely treatment for gum disease, even before it reaches the severe stage, to prevent further complications.


Gum Disease Treatment Cost

The cost of gum disease treatment in Australia varies depending on the severity of the condition and the type of treatment required. Basic treatments such as professional cleaning and scaling can cost approximately AUD $200 to $500. More advanced treatments, including surgical procedures, can range from AUD $1,000 to $3,000. It's important to note that costs may vary among dental clinics. If you are concerned about the cost of gum disease treatment, it is advisable to discuss financial options and affordable fees with your dental care provider.


When Should I See My Dentist?

If you notice symptoms of gum disease, such as reddish or bleeding gums, it is crucial to visit your dental care provider immediately. Taking prompt action is essential to regain control of your dental health. Delaying treatment can lead to further complications and the need for more extensive interventions.


Complications of Gum Disease Treatment

Complications that can arise during or after gum disease treatment may include:



Maintaining good oral hygiene and promptly addressing gum disease symptoms can help minimise the risk of complications and maintain optimal oral health.


In conclusion, gum disease is a common oral health condition that affects a significant portion of the population, primarily caused by the buildup of plaque on the teeth. By practising good oral hygiene, attending regular dental check-ups, and seeking timely treatment, the effects of gum disease can be prevented or managed effectively. Remember, prevention and early intervention are key to maintaining healthy gums and a beautiful smile.


FAQs

Can children get gum disease?

While gum disease is less common in children, it is still possible for them to develop it. Children can experience gingivitis, which is the early stage of gum disease. It is important to teach children good oral hygiene practices from a young age to prevent gum disease.


How can smoking affect gum disease?

Smoking increases the risk of developing gum disease and can worsen existing gum disease. Smoking weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infection and inflammation in the gums. It also reduces blood flow to the gums, impeding the healing process.


Can gum disease be reversed?

The early stage of gum disease, gingivitis, can be reversed with proper oral hygiene practices and regular dental cleanings. However, once gum disease progresses to periodontitis and there is bone loss, the damage cannot be fully reversed. Treatment can help manage the condition and prevent further deterioration.


Are there any home remedies for gum disease?

While maintaining good oral hygiene at home is crucial for preventing and managing gum disease, home remedies alone cannot cure advanced stages of the condition. It is important to consult a dental professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.


Can gum disease affect overall health?

Yes, gum disease has been linked to various systemic health conditions. Studies have shown associations between gum disease and an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, respiratory disorders, and complications during pregnancy. Maintaining good gum health is important for overall well-being.