1.) Williams and colleagues conducted a study in a Lyme-endemic area in New York of umbilical cord blood. Of 255 infants tested, 10.2% had detectable antibody to the Lyme spirochete. Of 166 infants born in a non-endemic area, 2.4% had detectable antibodies. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1995 Jul;9(3):320-30.
Maternal Lyme disease and congenital malformations: a cord blood serosurvey in endemic and control areas. Williams CL1, Strobino B, Weinstein A, Spierling P, Medici F. 1Child Health Center, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=williams+cord+blood+spirochete