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(1) KNU Definition
Return on Investment is the expected ratio of GDP growth / Investment costs, when a country invest to increase its productive assets.
The KNU is the "optimal"/"theoretical" RoI (Return on Investment) when no other factor is applied (see below).
Remember that CCEM works with constant dollars without inflation.
(2) What the slider in G2WS does ?
The figure below shows the factors that are used to compte the RoI.
The model uses :
a theoretical value, a constant, that is calibrated from past history (common for all zones)
for each zone, and adjusment factor that reflects the tech maturity and the innovation ecosystem efficiency (and other things which are not captured in this crude mode). This zone factor is also calibrated from past history.
When you change the slider, the control KPI is what the theoretical RoI for this zone (return on investment, as a percentage), assuming that all other factors are nominal: labor cost, social expenses, energy costs.
Adujusting Zone RoI
Adujusting Zone RoI
The M4 model for GDP growh (cf left illustration) starts with a theoretical RoI, which is precisely the KNU, that is reduced / modified according to all the factors depicted here.
You may change it for each zone.
(3) References
You may also ask your favorite LLM (such as Opus 4.5 or GPT 5.2) to make your opinion.
References to web data sources may be found in this page.
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