I
Preparation of blood smears and examination:
- Thin & thick blood films.
- Making an ideal blood film. Notes
- Methods – slide method, Cover slip method
- Staining – composition, preparation & procedure of leishman stain. Notes
- Knowledge about Romanowsky stains.
- Examination – Morphology & Identification of RBC, WBC & Platelets
- Counting – DLC – Counting methods, Normal values, clinical significance and limitations. Notes
- Oils used for immersion- types
II
Special stains for Bone marrow smears :
- Giemsa, Wrights, Myeloperoxidase stain, Periodic Acid Schiff [PAS]-
Composition, Preparation, procedure and interpretation.
III
Bone Marrow Aspiration / trephine biopsy :
- Setting up of tray for bone marrow aspiration
- Preparing smears – methods- Imprints, crush.
- Staining, clinical significance. NOTES
IV
Identification of hemoparasites :
- Morphology of malaria parasite, microfilaria, leishmania, trypanosomiasis. NOTES
- Importance of sample collection time.
- Making thick and thin smears.
- Procedure of making & staining the smears.
- Identification of the parasite.
V
- Materials required, diluting fluids, procedure, and identification and counting of cells.
VI
- Principle, procedure, methods, Materials required, clinical significance. (notes)
VII
- Methods used, materials required, procedure, observation, reporting,
Normal values, factors affecting and interpretation. Notes
VIII
Coagulation Tests:
a) Bleeding time- methods- Dukes method, lvy’s method – procedure, normal values and clinical significance.
b) Clotting time – methods- Lee & White, capillary tube method- procedure, materials, normal values, factors affecting
coagulation and clinical significance. notes
c) Prothrombin time [PT]
d) APTT
e) Introduction to Coagulometers
IX
L.E. cells, microfilaria and abnormal cells. NOTES
X. *
- Principle, procedure, material required, reporting, clinical significance. NOTES
XI.
- Diluting fluids
- Maintenance of counter.
- Quality Control and is significance Notes
XII.
Histopathology :
- Maintenance of Registers – receiving register, gross register, Slide register, and report issue register.
- Biopsy & tissue specimens – Example: Thyroid, GIT, breast, soft tissue, bone, etc. Notes
- Fixatives
- processing
- Dehydration
- clearing
- Impregnation
- paraffin embedding and block making
- Trimming of blocks.
- Tissue cutting [ Microtomes]
- Staining of the sections.
- Mounting & Mounting Media, cover slips, labeling.
- Decalcification of bone & calcified tissue.
- Routine Hematoxylin & Eosin staining.
- Immuno histochemistry.
- Special stains- PAS, Reticulin, Perls, Masson’s Trichrome etc.
- Filing of slides, storing of blocks etc.
XIII.
- Types of Microtomes – Maintenance.
- Sharpening of Knives – Honing & Stropping
- Disposable Blades – Types and Care
- Advantages and dis-advantages of frozen section cutting.
XIV
Cytology :
- FNAC
- Guided aspiration
- Pap smear
- Cytospin – equipment – machine, Procedure, material, laying a tray for the procedure.
- Making smears, staining & mounting cover slip, labeling.
- Identification & Interpretation – basics.
XV
Museum techniques:
- Labeling & storage of specimens
- Methods of color maintenance.
- Presentation of specimen.
- Mounting, Labeling and cataloging the specimen
- Maintenance and cleanliness of the Museum.
- Disposal of waste,
- Safety in the lab.
XVI
Autopsy :
-Aims & methods of performing Autopsy, cleaning, suturing and restoring the body.
Cleaning the autopsy instruments, tables and rooms, preservation of organs.
XVII.
Immuno Hematology and Blood Banking:
- Introduction
- Human blood group antigens, their inheritance and antibodies.
- ABO Blood group systems.
- RH Blood group system.
- Techniques of grouping and cross matching.
- Blood collection, screening of donor, preservation and maintenance of records.
- Coombs Test – a) Direct b) indirect. Notes