I
Historical introduction to Microbiology contribution of famous Scientists in the field of Microbiology in brief.
a) Anton Von Leeuwenhoek.
b) Robert Koch
c) Edward Jenner
d) Louis Pasteur
e) Joseph Lister Notes 1 Photo 1 Photo 2
II
a) Principle, working and maintenance of Compound Microscope. VIDEO
b) Principle of Fluorescent Microscope & Dark field Microscope.
III.
Sterilization and disinfection – classification and methods of sterilization
1) Principle and Methods of sterilization by heat.
a) By Dry Heat - Flaming, Red Heat, Hot air oven, incineration.
b) By Moist heat-Pasteurization, Inspissation, Tyndallisation & autoclave.
2) Filtration Methods – in brief.
3.Ionising Radiation
4.Disinfection – Mode of action and uses of important chemical disinfectants – phenol and phenolic compounds, alcohols, aldehydes halogens, dyes,acids and alkalies.
5.Gaseous methods of sterilization
IV.
Cleaning, drying & Sterilization of Glassware
V.
a) Morphology and classification of Bacteria.- Structure of Bacterial Cell, Capsule, Flagella, Spore etc.
b) Anaerobic methods of cultivation of Bacteria.
VI.
Isolation and identification of Bacteria.
a) Preparation of direct smear and staining
b) Different Techniques of inoculation for
isolation of bacteria.
c) Hanging drop preparation and its use.
d) Preparation and Inoculation of various
media for Bio-Chemical reactions.
VII.
Composition and preparation of staining reagents and different methods of staining.
a) Simple staining
b) Gram’s staining video
c) Giemsa’s Staining
d) Zeihl Neelson Staining. video
e) Albert Staining Notes
f) Negative Staining.
g) Fluorescent staining.
VIII
Culture Media – Classification of Media, Composition, preparation and uses.
a) Basal Media- Peptone Water, Nutrient, Agar, glucose broth.
b) Enriched Media-Blood agar, Loeffler’s serum slope, chocolate agar.
c) Enrichment Media – Selenite Fbroth, Tetrathionate broth, Alkaline peptone water.
d) Differential Media- Mac Conkey’s Agar.
e) Indicator & selective media – Lowenstein’ Jenson Media, Potassium tellurite Media, TCBS, Wilson and Blair Media. Deoxycholate citrate agar media.
f) Media for Blood culture – Brain heart infusion broth, Typticase soya broth
g) Anaerobic media – Robertson’s Cooked Meat Media, Thioglycolate media
h) Sugar Media for Bio-Chemical Reaction – Glucose broth, Hartley’s broth, bile broth.
i) Media for Biochemical reactions – Indole, MR,VP, Citrate,Urease, Oxidase,(Notes) Catalase test, Nitrate reduction test, Phenyl Alkaline Deaminase test, gelatin liquefaction test
j) Fungal media – Sabouraud’s dextose Agar.
IX
Bio Medical Waste Management
a) Definition
b) Segregation at Source
c) Color Coding
PATHOLOGY
I
Introduction to Pathology and It’s Scope
II
Basics of Microscope and its Care
III
Urine Analysis:
a) Collection – Collection of samples, Type of Samples, labeling & preservatives.
b) Physical Examination.
Color Appearance Quantity Odour Specific gravity Albumin P.H.
c) Chemical Examinations: Sugar
Ketone bodies. Albumin Bile salts. Bile pigments Blood Strip method.
d) Microscopic Examination – Centrifuging
Crystals. RBC & Casts WBC& Casts Epithelial cells & Casts. Hyaline casts, Granular casts.
Parasites, Atypical cells and Others.
II
Preparation of reagents, procedures, principles and Interpretation *
III
Sputum Analysis: Physical Examination Preparation Making a smear Staining Mounting. Microscopic
Examination.
IV
Semen Analysis
-Collection – after counseling
-Physical Examination – color, quantity, nature etc.
- Microscopic Examination – count, motility, morphology [normal & abnormal] - staining.
Introduction to Automated Semen Analyzers
V.
Body fluids – Collection, labeling.
- Peritoneal fluid
- pericardial fluid
- pleural fluid
- Cerebrospinal Fluid [ C.S.F]
- Diluting fluids.
- Charging the improved Neubauer chamber.
- Identifying & counting the cells.
VI.
Hematology:
a) Collection of blood.
- Universal precautions
- Methods of collection, venous puncture, finger puncture and vacutainer methods, materials required, procedures, precautions, uses of the sample and advantages of each method. POCT [Sample collection at bed side] also for children.
b) Preparation of anti coagulants-
Double oxalate, sodium citrate, EDTA, Heparin, action of each preparation, uses, disadvantages, quantity required.
c) RBC,WBC count:
Methods [Micro dilution and bulk dilution], materials required, diluting fluids, preparation, procedures, advantages of each method, precautions, formula for calculation and clinical significance.
d) Platelet count:
Morphology and functions of platelet, diluting fluids, procedure, formula for
calculation and clinical significance.
e) Reticulocyte Count:
Methods [dry & wet] staining, diluting fluids, normal Morphology and values, clinical significance.
f) Hemoglobin Estimation:
Materials, procedure of Tallquist, Sahli’s, Alkali, Haldane, Cyan meth hemoglobin and Specific Gravity [S.G] method, advantages and disadvantages and clinical significance.
g) Estimation of PCV-
Macro & Micro methods, procedure of filling the tube, centrifuging and reading, values advantages of each method – normal values and clinical significance.
-Estimation of Erythrocyte indices- calculation and importance MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, color index.
h) ESR- methods used, procedure, stages, factors affecting and clinical significance.
VII.
Disposal of hospital waste-
Cotton, swabs, needles, syringes, blood, urine and other material.
VIII.
Glass slides, cover slips – Cleaning & maintenance.